Linux uart驱动框架

Linux内核提供了标准的UART驱动程序，可以通过以下步骤编写：

1. 首先需要定义一个结构体来存储串口设备数据。在该结构体中，包含一个uart_port结构体，用于与Linux内核通信，并包含一些设备特定的数据（例如波特率、数据位数、奇偶校验等）。

c

struct my_uart {
    struct uart_port port;
    // 设备特定的数据
};

1. 接下来，需要实现uart_ops结构体中的各个函数，这些函数将被内核调用以执行读取、写入和控制操作。

   static int my_uart_startup(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 执行初始化
   }
   
   static void my_uart_shutdown(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 执行清理工作
   }
   
   static void my_uart_set_termios(struct uart_port *port, struct ktermios *termios,
                                   struct ktermios *old)
   {
       // 设置波特率、数据位数等
   }
   
   static void my_uart_pm(struct uart_port *port, unsigned int state, unsigned int oldstate)
   {
       // 处理电源管理
   }
   
   static const char *my_uart_type(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       return "my_uart";
   }
   
   static void my_uart_release_port(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 释放串口端口
   }
   
   static int my_uart_request_port(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 请求串口端口
   }
   
   static irqreturn_t my_uart_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
   {
       struct my_uart *uart = (struct my_uart *)dev_id;
       // 处理串口中断
   }
   
   static void my_uart_start_tx(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 开始发送数据
   }
   
   static void my_uart_stop_tx(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 停止发送数据
   }
   
   static void my_uart_enable_ms(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       // 启用Modem Status中断
   }
   
   static void my_uart_break_ctl(struct uart_port *port, int break_state)
   {
       // 控制发送BREAK信号
   }
   
   static int my_uart_startup(struct uart_port *port)
   {
       return 0;
   }
   
   // 定义uart_ops结构体，包含上述函数指针
   static const struct uart_ops my_uart_ops = {
       .startup        = my_uart_startup,
       .shutdown       = my_uart_shutdown,
       .set_termios    = my_uart_set_termios,
       .pm             = my_uart_pm,
       .type           = my_uart_type,
       .release_port   = my_uart_release_port,
       .request_port   = my_uart_request_port,
       .config_port    = my_uart_config_port,
       .suspend        = my_uart_suspend,
       .resume         = my_uart_resume,
       .tx_empty       = my_uart_tx_empty,
       .flush_buffer   = my_uart_flush_buffer,
       .set_mctrl      = my_uart_set_mctrl,
       .get_mctrl      = my_uart_get_mctrl,
       .stop_tx        = my_uart_stop_tx,
       .start_tx       = my_uart_start_tx,
       .send_xchar     = my_uart_send_xchar,
       .enable_ms      = my_uart_enable_ms,
       .break_ctl      = my_uart_break_ctl,
       .ioctl          = my_uart_ioctl,
       .flush_buffer   = my_uart_flush_buffer,
       .throttle       = my_uart_throttle,
       .unthrottle     = my_uart_unthrottle,
       .set_info       = my_uart_set_info,
   };
   
   

2. 最后，实现struct uart_driver结构体，该结构体用于向Linux内核注册驱动程序。

3. c

   static struct uart_driver my_uart_driver = {
       .owner      = THIS_MODULE,
       .driver_name= "my_uart",
       .dev_name   = "ttyMyUart",
       .major      = 0, // 动态分配主设备号
       .minor      = 0, // 设备编号从0开始
       .nr         = 1, // 设备数量为1
       .cons       = NULL,
       .uart_port  = {
           .ops            = &my_uart_ops,
       },
   };
   
   // 初始化函数
   static int __init my_uart_init(void)
   {
       int ret;
   
       // 注册UART驱动
       ret = uart_register_driver(&my_uart_driver);
       return 0;
   }