Linux内核提供了标准的UART驱动程序,可以通过以下步骤编写:
- 首先需要定义一个结构体来存储串口设备数据。在该结构体中,包含一个
uart_port
结构体,用于与Linux内核通信,并包含一些设备特定的数据(例如波特率、数据位数、奇偶校验等)。
c
struct my_uart {
struct uart_port port;
// 设备特定的数据
};
- 接下来,需要实现
uart_ops
结构体中的各个函数,这些函数将被内核调用以执行读取、写入和控制操作。static int my_uart_startup(struct uart_port *port) { // 执行初始化 } static void my_uart_shutdown(struct uart_port *port) { // 执行清理工作 } static void my_uart_set_termios(struct uart_port *port, struct ktermios *termios, struct ktermios *old) { // 设置波特率、数据位数等 } static void my_uart_pm(struct uart_port *port, unsigned int state, unsigned int oldstate) { // 处理电源管理 } static const char *my_uart_type(struct uart_port *port) { return "my_uart"; } static void my_uart_release_port(struct uart_port *port) { // 释放串口端口 } static int my_uart_request_port(struct uart_port *port) { // 请求串口端口 } static irqreturn_t my_uart_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct my_uart *uart = (struct my_uart *)dev_id; // 处理串口中断 } static void my_uart_start_tx(struct uart_port *port) { // 开始发送数据 } static void my_uart_stop_tx(struct uart_port *port) { // 停止发送数据 } static void my_uart_enable_ms(struct uart_port *port) { // 启用Modem Status中断 } static void my_uart_break_ctl(struct uart_port *port, int break_state) { // 控制发送BREAK信号 } static int my_uart_startup(struct uart_port *port) { return 0; } // 定义uart_ops结构体,包含上述函数指针 static const struct uart_ops my_uart_ops = { .startup = my_uart_startup, .shutdown = my_uart_shutdown, .set_termios = my_uart_set_termios, .pm = my_uart_pm, .type = my_uart_type, .release_port = my_uart_release_port, .request_port = my_uart_request_port, .config_port = my_uart_config_port, .suspend = my_uart_suspend, .resume = my_uart_resume, .tx_empty = my_uart_tx_empty, .flush_buffer = my_uart_flush_buffer, .set_mctrl = my_uart_set_mctrl, .get_mctrl = my_uart_get_mctrl, .stop_tx = my_uart_stop_tx, .start_tx = my_uart_start_tx, .send_xchar = my_uart_send_xchar, .enable_ms = my_uart_enable_ms, .break_ctl = my_uart_break_ctl, .ioctl = my_uart_ioctl, .flush_buffer = my_uart_flush_buffer, .throttle = my_uart_throttle, .unthrottle = my_uart_unthrottle, .set_info = my_uart_set_info, };
- 最后,实现
struct uart_driver
结构体,该结构体用于向Linux内核注册驱动程序。 -
c
static struct uart_driver my_uart_driver = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .driver_name= "my_uart", .dev_name = "ttyMyUart", .major = 0, // 动态分配主设备号 .minor = 0, // 设备编号从0开始 .nr = 1, // 设备数量为1 .cons = NULL, .uart_port = { .ops = &my_uart_ops, }, }; // 初始化函数 static int __init my_uart_init(void) { int ret; // 注册UART驱动 ret = uart_register_driver(&my_uart_driver); return 0; }