stm32f1xx通用（CubeMX,Hal库，标准差不多的思路，就是初始化不同罢了），用adc噪音取随机值（rand用不用都行，因为噪音已经随机了，不过我还是写了，大家可以自行取舍）

//adc.c：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    adc.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the ADC instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "adc.h"
#include "stm32f1xx.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;

/* ADC1 init function */
void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 */
  /** Common config
  */
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_1CYCLE_5;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_ADC_MspInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_MspInit 0 */
    /* ADC1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**ADC1 GPIO Configuration
    PA0-WKUP     ------> ADC1_IN0
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_ADC_MspDeInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle)
{

  if(adcHandle->Instance==ADC1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**ADC1 GPIO Configuration
    PA0-WKUP     ------> ADC1_IN0
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

//生成随机数函数
int generateRandomNumber(void)
{
    // 获取 ADC 噪声
    HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
    int adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);

// 使用 ADC 噪声作为随机数种子 srand(adc_value);

// 生成随机数 return rand();

    // 生成随机数
    return adc_value%11-5;//对11取余，这样，这个值就在0-10之间，再-5，就是-5—5之间
}

//adc.h：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    adc.h
  * @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for
  *          the adc.c file
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __ADC_H__
#define __ADC_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

extern ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
int generateRandomNumber(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */

/* USER CODE END Prototypes */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __ADC_H__ */

最后，如果报错，说找不到什么什么，大概率是没添加.c.h，添加一下就好了。如果还不对，你是在一个没有使用adc的工程里面添加我这个代码，那么请打开stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h，在里面找到 #define HAL_ADC_MODULE_ENABLED（几乎就在最上面，应该不会很靠下），把它左右的注释符取消掉，应该就好啦。