考研英语(七)——状语和状语从句

状语和状语从句

一、什么是状语从句?

She smiles sweetly.
She looks extremely sweet.
She smiles sweetly like a red rose.
As a matter of fact,she smiles.

状语就是一句话中修饰实意动词、形容词、副词和整个句子,状语除了名词不可以修饰其他都可以。

二、状语的成分

①副词
②介词短语
I run away as quickly as a dog.
③非谓语动词
I run away,swaying my ponytail.
④从句

三、位置

随便放,但是放在句子主谓之间作为插入语使用(作为满分句型),如果放在句首通常用逗号隔开

四、九大状语从句
状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身意分类

①时间状语
when、while、before、since
②条件状语
if,as long as,only if,provided that(只要、假如)
③地点状语
where
④原因状语
because、since
⑤让步状语
although
⑥结果状语
so…that
⑦目的状语
to,in order to
⑧方式状语
by,by mean of,in…way/manner(以…的方式)
⑨比较状语
as…as,than

例句:
时间状语
1.When the teacher came in,we stop talking.
当老师进来时,我们停止说话
地点状语
2.I find my phone where I had lost it.
我在我丢掉手机的地方找到了我的手机
原因状语
3.Because he was careless,he had a car accident yesterday.
因为他的粗心,昨天他发生了车祸
结果状语
4.The movie was so boring that I gave up watching it halfway through.
这个电影很无聊,以至于我看到一半就不想看了
条件状语
5.I will never give up as long as there is a ghost of hope.
只要有一丝丝的希望我就不会放弃.
方式状语
6.The password was decoded by him in a dispassionate and objective manner.
通过他冷静和客观的方式密码被破解了
比较状语
7.She is not so energetic as she used to be.
他不像以前一样充满活力了
让步状语
8.Although he failed again and agin,he still adheres to pursuing his dream.
尽管他一次次的失败,他任然坚持追求他的梦想.
目的状语
9.I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that I could have a brighter future.
为了能有一个好的未来我决定考研

五、分词作状语
1.如何将状语从句转化为分词作状语呢?

两个状语从句例句:
①If winter comes,spring will be around the corner.
②When I was a little girl,I was especially eager to grow up.

第一句改写
1.把状语从句最明显的标志去掉——引导词If去掉,此时,句子
winter comes,spring will be around the corner.
2.把前面的句子变成非句子结构——把动词(词组)变成不是动词(词组)(非谓语动词) ,则句子:
Winter coming,spring will be around the corner.
3.看非谓语部分的主语和后面的句子的主语是否一致。如果一致分词的主语省略,如果不一致分词保留。本句子,明显不一致,所以保留。最后改写结果:
Winter coming,spring will be around the corner.
第二局改写同理
改写结果:
Being a little girl,I was especially eager to grow up.

2、是不是非得出现状语从句才能使用分词作状语?
当然不是,只要是能够用逗号来连接两个句子的情况下,都可以把那个次要的句子变成分词作状语。

例句
The old lady sits in the corner ,her eyes are filled with tears.
这句话是错的,因为逗号不能连接两个句子。所以要把第一个句子的谓语动词改成非谓语动词,于是写成:
The old lady sitting in the corner , her eyes are filled with tears.

Self-confidence is an active mentally,it enables many miracles to happen.
同理逗号不能连接两个句子,应该为:
Being an active mentally,Self-confidence enables many miracles to happen.

六、考点分析
1.写作

作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以有意识地给他加一个状语地成分拉长句子

2.分析

能找到一句话中的状语成分并且翻译出来
如何识别状语?
只要在句子中见到以下一坨东西一定是状语
副词、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、比较、目的、伴随
如果在句子中见到时间地点
当一个名词后面出现时间或地点,如果无法确定定语优先原则,只要翻译成定语很恶心无比的时候才是状语

3.真题例句分析

真题例句1:
Social science is (that branch (of intellectual enquiry) /(which seeks to study humans and their endeavors) (in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate manner) /(that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena)).

1.找主句的谓语动词:is 主系表结构
2.is后面是that引导的定语从句
3.先理清楚定语从句的结构,主语是which,谓语动词是seeks to study,宾语是humans and their endeavors
4.找大定语从句里的状语和定语,翻译是调换调换位置

intellectual enquiry 知识研究
seek to 试图
endeavor 行为
dispassionate 客观的

翻译:
社会科学是知识探索的分支,它用同样的合理的,有序的,系统的和客观的方法来试图研究人类和他们的行为,自然科学家也是使用这种方法来研究自然现象的。

真题例句2:
I shall define him as an individual (who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure (in life) (the activity of thinking (in a Socratic way) (about moral problems))).

1.找主句的谓语动词:shall define 这是一句主谓宾结构
2.individual后面是who引导的定语从句
3.先理清楚从句的结构,从句的主语是who 谓语动词是elected as 宾语是his primary duty and pleasure (in life)
4.拆分定语从句,找出里面的状语和小定语,翻译时调换位置

define 定义

翻译:
我将他定义成一个人,他是以Socatic思考道德问题的方式来作为自己生活主要责任和乐趣。

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