STM32实用应用系列：串口接收不定长数据（HAL库 UART + DMA）

目录

一、串口接收不定长数据的实现思路

二、具体实现代码

1、USART 的配置

2、DMA的配置（放在 HAL_UART_MspInit 中）

3、USART 中断处理函数

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一、串口接收不定长数据的实现思路

在串口通信中，我们很多时候是需要接收不定长的数据，并且对接收到数据放入到缓存中，等待接下来的处理。

整一个流程大致如下：

实现方法:

• 串口 空闲中断；
• DMA接收数据：（循环模式、不使用中断）
  1、可以得知已经的数据长度：  BuffSize -  DMA.Instanc->NDTR 【进而可以通过两次数据长度相减，得到本次传输的数据长度】
  2、数据处理：可以将接收到的数据从DMA缓存中存入到自定义的  队列缓存  中（队列结构体），后续要处理的时候再从队列中出队进行处理

二、具体实现代码

首先，大家可以先参考官方库的USART DMA的例程，里面演示了USART DMA的最基本的使用方法

1、USART 的配置

void vUart1Init(void)
{
	ex_Uart1Handle.Instance = USART1;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.BaudRate = UART1_BAUNDRATE;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
	ex_Uart1Handle.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;

	HAL_UART_Init(&ex_Uart1Handle);

	/* 请在下方添加开启中断 以及 DMA 等操作  */
	__HAL_USART_ENABLE_IT(&ex_Uart1Handle, USART_IT_IDLE);

    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 6, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
}

2、DMA的配置（放在 HAL_UART_MspInit 中）

注意：

• DMA 需要配置为 DMA_CIRCULAR（若是 DMA_Normal的情况的话将DMA的缓存写满后，将不再写入；DMA_CIRCULAR则是从头覆盖新的数据）
• 需要通过   HAL_DMA_Start  来开启DMA传输
• SET_BIT(USART1->CR3, USART_CR3_DMAR)  使能USART的接收或者发送DMA

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *uartHandle)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

	if(uartHandle->Instance == USART1)
	{
	    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
	    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

	    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = UART1_PIN_TX | UART1_PIN_RX;
	    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
	    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
	    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
	    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;

	    HAL_GPIO_Init(UART1_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);

	    /* 下面添加对DMA初始化、链接DMA等内容 */
	    __HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();

	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Instance                 = DMA2_Stream7;

	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.Channel             = DMA_CHANNEL_4;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.Direction           = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.PeriphInc           = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.MemInc              = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.MemDataAlignment    = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.Mode                = DMA_CIRCULAR;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.Priority            = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.FIFOMode            = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.FIFOThreshold       = DMA_FIFO_THRESHOLD_FULL;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.MemBurst            = DMA_MBURST_INC4;
	    ex_Uart1DMATxHandle.Init.PeriphBurst         = DMA_PBURST_INC4;

	    HAL_DMA_Init(&ex_Uart1DMATxHandle);

	    /* Associate the initialized DMA handle to the UART handle */
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle, hdmatx, ex_Uart1DMATxHandle);

	    /* Configure the DMA handler for reception process */
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Instance                 = DMA2_Stream5;

	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.Channel             = DMA_CHANNEL_4;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.Direction           = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.PeriphInc           = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.MemInc              = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.MemDataAlignment    = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.Mode                = DMA_CIRCULAR;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.Priority            = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.FIFOMode            = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.FIFOThreshold       = DMA_FIFO_THRESHOLD_FULL;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.MemBurst            = DMA_MBURST_INC4;
	    ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Init.PeriphBurst         = DMA_PBURST_INC4;

	    HAL_DMA_Init(&ex_Uart1DMARxHandle);

	    /* Associate the initialized DMA handle to the the UART handle */
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle, hdmarx, ex_Uart1DMARxHandle);

	    HAL_DMA_Start(&ex_Uart1DMARxHandle, (uint32_t)(&(USART1->DR)), (uint32_t)ucUart1RxBuffer, USART1_RX_LENGTH);

	    SET_BIT(USART1->CR3, USART_CR3_DMAR);
	}
}

3、USART 中断处理函数

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint16_t usLengthOld = 0, usLengthNew = 0;
	uint16_t usDataLength = 0;

	/* 本次数据长度获取  */
	if(usLengthOld < (usLengthNew = (USART1_RX_LENGTH - ex_Uart1DMARxHandle.Instance->NDTR)))
	{
		usDataLength = usLengthNew - usLengthOld;
		/* 数据处理  */


	}
	else
	{
		usDataLength = USART1_RX_LENGTH - usLengthOld + usLengthNew;
		/* 数据处理 */


	}

	usLengthOld = usLengthNew;

	__HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&ex_Uart1Handle);
}