6、抛物运动

 

初始速度：u

与地面的角度：theta

水平速度：ux = u * cos(theta)

垂直速度：uy = u * sin(theta) - gt

 

水平距离：sx = ux * t = u * cos(theta) * t

垂直距离：sy = uy * t - 0.5 * g * t * t = u * sin(theta) * t - 0.5 * t * t

 

最高点时，uy = 0, u * sin(theta) = gt, t = u * sin(theta) / g

总时间 = 2 * t = 2 * u * sin(theta) / g

 

import math
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def draw_graph(x, y):
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.xlabel('x-coordinate')
    plt.ylabel('y-coordinate')
    plt.title('Projectile motion of a ball')


def draw_trajectory(u, theta):
    theta = math.radians(theta)
    g = 9.8

    # 总持续时间
    t_flight = 2 * u * math.sin(theta) / g
    intervals = np.arange(0, t_flight, 0.001)

    x = []
    y = []

    for t in intervals:
        x.append(u * math.cos(theta) * t)
        y.append(u * math.sin(theta) * t - 0.5 * g * t * t)

    draw_graph(x, y)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    u_list = [20, 40, 60]
    theta = 60
    for u in u_list:
        draw_trajectory(u, theta)
    plt.legend(['20', '40', '60'])
    plt.show()