【Ubuntu 】Ubuntu 更换国内源—解决终端下载错误或速度慢的问题

前言：安装好ubuntu双系统后，默认的软件更新源是国外的，在国内使用速度很慢，用"apt install xxx"安装软件时可能出现"网络不可达"、"你的网络需要认证吗"、"无法定位软件包"等错误，所以我们需要更换成国内的源，这样才能正常安装和更新软件。

目录

 一、ubuntu16.04更换国内源

1.备份原始源文件source.list

2.修改源文件sources.list

3.更新源

二、ubuntu18.04更换国内源

1.备份原始文件sources.list

2. 修改源文件sources.list

3. 更新源

三、Ubuntu ROS更换国内源

1.ubuntu16.04

1.1 清华源

2.ubuntu18.04

2.1 清华源

四、国内几个源的链接

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 一、ubuntu16.04更换国内源

1.备份原始源文件source.list

桌面打开终端，执行命令：sudo  cp   /etc/apt/sources.list   /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2.修改源文件sources.list

（1）终端执行命令：sudo  chmod  777  /etc/apt/sources.list   更改文件权限使其可编辑；

（2）执行命令：  sudo  gedit   /etc/apt/sources.list    打开文件进行编辑；

（3）删除原来的文件内容，复制下面的任意一个到其中并保存（常用的是阿里源和清华源，推荐阿里源）；

阿里源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3.更新源

桌面终端执行命令：sudo apt update更新软件列表，换源完成。

二、ubuntu18.04更换国内源

1.备份原始文件sources.list

桌面打开终端，执行命令：sudo  cp  /etc/apt/sources.list    /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 修改源文件sources.list

（1）终端执行命令：sudo   chmod   777   /etc/apt/sources.list更改文件权限使其可编辑；

（2）执行命令：sudo   gedit   /etc/apt/sources.list打开文件进行编辑；

（3）删除原来的文件内容，复制下面的任意一个到其中并保存（常用的是阿里源和清华源，推荐阿里源，内容可以去博客复制）；

阿里源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3. 更新源

桌面终端执行命令：sudo apt update更新软件列表，换源完成。

三、Ubuntu ROS更换国内源

1.ubuntu16.04

1.1 清华源

$ sudo sh -c 'echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ xenial main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

然后再输入如下命令，信任ROS的GPG Key，并更新索引：

$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
$ sudo apt update

2.ubuntu18.04

2.1 清华源

$ sudo sh -c 'echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ bionic main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

然后再输入如下命令，信任ROS的GPG Key，并更新索引：

$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
$ sudo apt update

四、国内几个源的链接

清华源https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/中科大源https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/阿里源https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/163源http://mirrors.163.com/http://mirrors.163.com/