Java 对象序列化

    Java 对象序列化主要用到了下面两个类：

    ObjectOutputStream

    ObjectInputStream

    Java 提供了了默认的自动对象序列化机制，只需要实现Serializable接口就可以了。Serializable是一个空接口，里面没有任何方法。下面简单的看一个例子：

        import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Demo implements Serializable{

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

 String s;

 public Demo(String str){

  s = str;

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

  String name = "Demo.out";

  ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(name));

  Demo d = new Demo("Demo");

  System.out.println("1:"+d.s);

  oos.writeObject(d);

 

  ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(name));

  Demo demo = (Demo) ois.readObject();

  System.out.println("2:"+d.s);

 }

}

    程序运行结果为：

     1:Demo
    2:Demo

    正如大家所看到的默认的对象序列化机制相当简单。Java同时还提供了另外一种机制，可以手动来对序列化过程进行控制。

    这种方法需要实现Externalizable接口。

public interface Externalizable extends java.io.Serializable {

    void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException;

    void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException;

}

    Externalizable接口继承于Serializable接口，同时增加了两个方法writeExternal()和readExternal()。这两个方法会在对象的序列化和反序列化的过程中被自动调用，以便执行一些特殊操作。

        import java.io.Externalizable;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInput;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutput;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

class Blip1 implements Externalizable {

 public Blip1() {

  Blip.print("Blip1 Construct");

 }

 @Override

 public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

  Blip.print("Blip1 writeExternal");

 }

 @Override

 public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,

   ClassNotFoundException {

  Blip.print("Blip2 readExternal");

 }

}

class Blip2 implements Externalizable {

 Blip2() {

  Blip.print("Blip2 Construct");

 }

 @Override

 public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

  Blip.print("Blip2 writeExternal");

 }

 @Override

 public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,

   ClassNotFoundException {

  Blip.print("Blip2 readExternal");

 }

 

}

public class Blip{

 static void print(String s) {

  System.out.println(s);

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

  print("Constructing objects");

  Blip1 b1 = new Blip1();

  Blip2 b2 = new Blip2();

  print(b1+":"+b2);

  String file = "Blip.out";

  ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file ));

  print("Saving object");

  out.writeObject(b1);

  out.writeObject(b2);

  out.close();

 

  ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

  print("Recovering b1:");

  b1 = (Blip1) in.readObject();

  print("Recovering b2:");

  b2 = (Blip2) in.readObject();

 

  print(b1+":"+b2);

 }

}

这段代码的运行结果为：

Constructing objects

Blip1 Construct

Blip2 Construct

com.leo.io.Blip1@1fb8ee3:com.leo.io.Blip2@61de33

Saving object

Blip1 writeExternal

Blip2 writeExternal

Recovering b1:

Blip1 Construct

Blip2 readExternal

Recovering b2:

Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.leo.io.Blip2; com.leo.io.Blip2; no valid constructor

 at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)

 at com.leo.io.Blip.main(Blip.java:72)

Caused by: java.io.InvalidClassException: com.leo.io.Blip2; no valid constructor

 at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.<init>(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.lookup(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(Unknown Source)

 at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(Unknown Source)

 at com.leo.io.Blip.main(Blip.java:65)

 

为什么会报错呢？大家仔细看代码会发现

Blip1 和 Blip2 的默认构造函数有所区别，把Blip2的构造函数改为：

public Blip2() {

  Blip.print("Blip2 Construct");

 }

然后运行，结果为：

Constructing objects

Blip1 Construct

Blip2 Construct

com.leo.io.Blip1@1fb8ee3:com.leo.io.Blip2@61de33

Saving object

Blip1 writeExternal

Blip2 writeExternal

Recovering b1:

Blip1 Construct

Blip2 readExternal

Recovering b2:

Blip2 Construct

Blip2 readExternal

com.leo.io.Blip1@69b332:com.leo.io.Blip2@173a10f

    由此我们可以看出：对于Serializable对象，对象完全以它存储的二进制位为基础来构造。而不调用构造器；对于Externalizable 对象，默认构造器在readExternal()里会被调用。所以Externalizable 必须提供一个默认构造器。一般都是在writeExternal()里将需要的信息写入，在readExternal()恢复数据。

     下面的这个例子示范了如何完整保存和恢复一个Externalizable 对象

        import java.io.Externalizable;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInput;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutput;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class Blip3 implements Externalizable {

 private int i;

 private String s;

 public Blip3(){

  print("Blip3 default construct");

 }

 

  public Blip3(String x, int a){

  print("Blip3(String "+ x+ ", int" + a +")");

  s = x;

  i = a;

 }

 

 

 @Override

 public String toString() {

  return s + i;

 }

 static void print(String s) {

  System.out.println(s);

 }

 

 

 @Override

 public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

  print("Blip3 writeExternal");

  out.writeObject(s);

  out.writeInt(i);

 }

 @Override

 public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,

   ClassNotFoundException {

  print("Blip3 readExternal");

  s = (String) in.readObject();

  i = in.readInt();

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

  Blip3 b3 = new Blip3("A", 47);

  print(b3.toString());

 

  String name = "Blip3.out";

  ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(name));

  o.writeObject(b3);

  o.close();

 

  ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(name));

  b3 = (Blip3) in.readObject();

  print(b3.toString());

 }

}

运行结果：

Blip3(String A, int47)

A47

Blip3 writeExternal

Blip3 default construct

Blip3 readExternal

A47