设计模式--观察者模式

观察者模式：属于行为型模式
基本原理：当一个对象被修改时，会自动通知它的依赖对象。
主要流程：
            1.创建一个对象，存储它的所有依赖对象
            2.在对象被修改的时候，通知所有依赖的对象
            3.创建依赖对象，有统一的刷新方法
注意：避免循环依赖

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
//依赖对象基类
class Observer
{
public:
    virtual void update() = 0;//统一的刷新方法
};

//被依赖的对象
class Subject
{
private:
    vector<Observer*> observers;//用来存储所有依赖对象
    int state;
public:
    int getState()
    {
        return this->state;
    }
    void setState(int state)
    {
        this->state = state;
        notifyAllObservers();//对象改变的时候通知所有依赖对象
    }
    void attach(Observer *observer)//用来存储依赖对象的方法
    {
        observers.push_back(observer);
    }
    void notifyAllObservers()//通知依赖对象的方法
    {
        for(int i=0; i<this->observers.size();++i)
        {
            this->observers[i]->update();
        }
    }
};

//依赖对象的实现
class BinaryObserver : public Observer
{
public:
    Subject *subject;
    BinaryObserver(Subject *subject)
    {
        this->subject = subject;
        this->subject->attach(this);//调用存储方法，将该依赖对象存起来
    }
    void update()
    {
        cout<<"Binary String: "<<this->subject->getState()<<endl;
    }
};
class OctalObserver : public Observer
{
public:
    Subject *subject;
    OctalObserver(Subject *subject)
    {
        this->subject = subject;
        this->subject->attach(this);
    }
    void update()
    {
        cout<<"Octal String: " <<this->subject->getState()<<endl;
    }
};
class HexaObserver : public Observer
{
public:
    Subject *subject;
    HexaObserver(Subject *subject)
    {
        this->subject = subject;
        this->subject->attach(this);
    }
    void update()
    {
        cout<<"Hex String: " <<this->subject->getState()<<endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Subject *subject = new Subject();
    new HexaObserver(subject);
    new OctalObserver(subject);
    new BinaryObserver(subject);

    cout<<"First state change: 15"<<endl;
    subject->setState(15);

    cout<<"Second state change: 10"<<endl;
    subject->setState(10);

    return 0;
}