前面“Linux应用程序Helloworld入门”已经提到在Linux下每个可执行文件都依赖于几个最为基本的动态库,其中一个就是linux-gate.so.1。
从上面ldd给出的结果可以看出,这个linux-gate.so.1动态库有一些异样,libc.so.6的实际动态库路径在/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6,而ld-linux.so.2是在/lib/ld-linux.so.2。那么不禁要问一个问题linux-gate.so.1这个动态库的路径是什么,是文件系统中那个文件呢?其实这个文件是内核映射上去的,并非存在实际的动态库文件,对于这个具体问题我们后续再做详细分析,这里仅仅做如何获取linux-gate.so.1动态库的方法。
通常情况下,比如在suse10, suse11系统上,linux-gate.so.1被映射到ffffe000-fffff000这个高端内存段里面。此时将这段内存导出到文件比较简单,可以使用下面脚本,帮助各位导出:
#!/bin/bash
VDSO_FILE_NAME=linux-gate.dso
cat /proc/self/maps|grep "vdso"
VDSO_ADDR=`cat /proc/self/maps|grep "vdso" |awk -F '-' '{print $1 }'`
echo "Current VDSO address is 0x$VDSO_ADDR"
VDSO_BLOCK=`echo |awk '{print substr("'${VDSO_ADDR}'",1,5)}'`
((SKIP_BLOCKS=16#$VDSO_BLOCK))
echo "We have $SKIP_BLOCKS blocks before VDSO library"
echo "Ready to generate $VDSO_FILE_NAME from block $SKIP_BLOCKS"
dd if=/proc/self/mem of=$VDSO_FILE_NAME bs=4096 skip=$SKIP_BLOCKS count=1
echo "Generate $VDSO_FILE_NAME Done"
在suse系统上执行的结果:
~> ./cat_linux_gate_so.sh
ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
Current VDSO address is 0xffffe000
We have 1048574 blocks before VDSO library
Ready to generate linux-gate.dso from block 1048574
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 4.2e-05 seconds, 97.5 MB/s
Generate linux-gate.dso Done
~> file -b linux-gate.dso
ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), stripped
~> objdump -T linux-gate.dso
linux-gate.dso: 文件格式 elf32-i386
DYNAMIC SYMBOL TABLE:
ffffe400 l d .text 00000000 .text
ffffe478 l d .eh_frame_hdr 00000000 .eh_frame_hdr
ffffe49c l d .eh_frame 00000000 .eh_frame
ffffe620 l d .useless 00000000 .useless
ffffe400 g DF .text 00000014 LINUX_2.5 __kernel_vsyscall
00000000 g DO *ABS* 00000000 LINUX_2.5 LINUX_2.5
ffffe440 g DF .text 00000007 LINUX_2.5 __kernel_rt_sigreturn
ffffe420 g DF .text 00000008 LINUX_2.5 __kernel_sigreturn
在ubuntu 上情况比较复杂,在此也耽误了不少时间,因为ubuntu映射到的内存地址是不固定的,每个进程映射的位置都是不同的。
多次执行:
cat /proc/self/maps|grep "vdso"
b7f47000-b7f48000 r-xp b7f47000 00:00 0 [vdso]
b7f5f000-b7f60000 r-xp b7f5f000 00:00 0 [vdso]
b7f54000-b7f55000 r-xp b7f54000 00:00 0 [vdso]
因此上面脚本无法实现同一个进程内映射内存导出。为了实现同一进程内导出,这里采用简单C编程的方法实现。
基本原理和上面脚本一致,首先通过/proc/self/maps找到vsdo映射内存的地址,然后导出映射内存到文件linux-gate.dso。
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *pFile = NULL;
void *paddr = NULL;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
char address[BUFFER_SIZE];
char block[BLOCK_SIZE];
char c;
int i, ineedreset, iblocks, iSize;
pFile = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
if (NULL == pFile)
{
printf("/proc/self/maps fopen failed, error!\r\n");
return 1;
}
/* 查找vdso动态库映射内存位置 */
i = 0;
ineedreset = 1;
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
while(1)
{
c = fgetc (pFile);
if (c != EOF)
{
printf("%c", c);
if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
{
i = 0;
ineedreset = 1;
} else
{
if (ineedreset)
{
if (NULL != strstr(buffer, "vdso"))
{
printf("I have got vdso section.\r\n");
break;
}
memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
ineedreset = 0;
}
buffer[i++] = c;
}
}else
{
break;
}
}
printf("vsdo line is:%s\r\n", buffer);
fclose(pFile);
pFile = NULL;
/* 获取起始地址 */
memset(address, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
for (i = 0; buffer[i] != '-'; i++)
{
address[i] = buffer[i];
if (buffer[i] == '-')
break;
}
paddr = (void *) Hex2Ulong(address);
printf("Current VDSO address is 0x%x\r\n", paddr);
iblocks = (unsigned long)paddr / BLOCK_SIZE;
printf("We have %d blocks before VDSO library\r\n", iblocks);
printf("Ready to generate linux-gate.dso from block %d\r\n", iblocks);
/* 导出vdso动态文件 */
pFile = fopen("./linux-gate.dso", "w");
if (NULL == pFile)
{
printf("fopen linux-gate.dso failed, exit!\r\n");
return 1;
}
printf("Head:0x%x-%c-%c-%c\r\n", *((char *)paddr + 0),*((char *)paddr + 1),*((char *)paddr + 2),*((char *)paddr + 3));
memcpy(block, paddr, BLOCK_SIZE);
iSize = fwrite(block, 1, BLOCK_SIZE, pFile);
if (BLOCK_SIZE != iSize)
{
perror("fwrite error:\r\n");
}
printf("copy %d/%d bytes from 0x%x to the file\r\n", iSize, BLOCK_SIZE, paddr);
fclose(pFile);
printf("Generate linux-gate.dso Done\r\n");
return 0;
}
然后看下导出的结果:
这样我们就能在动态映射的情况下也能导出动态库。app_linux_gate_so.c如果做适当修改就能导出所有映射的动态内存库,用于DEBUG和验证了。
参考资料:
注:这里使用的unsigned long Hex2Ulong(char s[])是简单实现,供参考,相见参考资料
#define YES 1
#define NO 0
unsigned long Hex2Ulong(char s[])
{
int i;
unsigned long n;
int inhex, digital;
i = 0;
if (s[i] == '0')
{
i++;
if (s[i] == 'x' || s[i] == 'X')
{
i++;
}
}
n = 0;
inhex = YES;
for (; inhex == YES; i++)
{
if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
digital = s[i] - '0';
else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
digital = s[i] - 'a' + 10;
else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
digital = s[i] - 'A' + 10;
else
{
inhex = NO;
break;
}
n = 16 * n + digital;
}
return n;
}