设计模式学习笔记 - 2 - 观察者模式

观察者模式：

 

定义了对象之间的一对多以来，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。

 

 

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设计原则：

 

为了交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。

 

 

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代码：推的做法

 

1. 定义主题接口

 

public interface Subject { public void registerObserver(Observer o); public void removeObserver(Observer o); public void notifyObservers(); }

 

2. 定义观察者接口

 

public interface Observer { public void update(float temop, float humidity, float pressure); }

 

3.定义显示接口

 

public interface DisplayElement { public void display(); }

 

4. 实现主题接口

 

public class WeatherData implements Subject{ private ArrayList <Observer> observers; private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData() { observers = new ArrayList <Observer> (); } public void registerObserver(Observer o) { observers.add(o); } public void removeObserver(Observer o) { int i = observers.indexOf(o); if( i >= 0) { observers.remove(i); } } public void notifyObservers() { for(int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) { Observer observer = (Observer)observers.get(i); observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure); } } public void measurementsChanged() { notifyObservers(); } public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) { this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; this.pressure = pressure; measurementsChanged(); } }

 

 

5.实现观察者接口

 

public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement{ private float temperature; private float humidity; private Subject weatherData; public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) { this.weatherData = weatherData; weatherData.registerObserver(this); } public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) { this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; display(); } public void display() { System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature + "F degress and " + humidity + "% humidity"); } }

 

6.编写演示程序

 

public class WeatherStation { public static void main(String arg[]) { WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(); CurrentConditionDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData); // StaticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StaticsDisplay(weatherData); // ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData); weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f); weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f); weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f); } }

 

 

 

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是用Java内置功能实现观察者模式

 

 

1. 实现主题类

 

public class WeatherData extends Observable{ private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData() { } public void measurementsChanged() { setChanged(); notifyObservers(); } public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) { this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; this.pressure = pressure; measurementsChanged(); } public float getTemperature() { return temperature; } public float getHumidity() { return humidity; } public float gerPressure() { return pressure; } }

 

2.定义displa接口

 

public interface DisplayElement { public void display(); }

 

3.实现观察者类

 

public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement{ private float temperature; private float humidity; Observable observable; public CurrentConditionDisplay(Observable observable) { this.observable = observable; observable.addObserver(this); } public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) { if(obs instanceof WeatherData) { WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData) obs; this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature(); this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity(); display(); } } public void display() { System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature + "F degress and " + humidity + "% humidity"); } }

 

4.编写测试程序

 

public class WeatherStation { public static void main(String arg[]) { WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(); CurrentConditionDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData); // StaticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StaticsDisplay(weatherData); // ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData); weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f); weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f); weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f); } }