ubuntu14.04 安装 opencv2.4.13

opencv安装

最近配置新的主机，以前虽然在自己的笔记本上配置过许多环境，但是没有记录下来有些步骤也忘了，以后在自己的博客里更新一些环境的配置和软件安装。

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下载opencv2.4.13

Opencv Releases
我下载的是opencv2.4.13.6，之前在笔记本上安装的是2.4.11，但是之前碰到过这样的问题：

1. 安装opencv出现error: ‘NppiGraphcutState’ has not been declared ：

/modules/gpu/src/graphcuts.cpp:120:54: 
error: ‘NppiGraphcutState’ has not been declared typedef NppStatus (*init_func_t)
(NppiSize oSize,NppiGraphcutState** ppState, Npp8u* pDeviceMem);

/modules/gpu/src/graphcuts.cpp:135:18: 
error: expected type-specifier before ‘NppiGraphcutState’ operator NppiGraphcutState*()

/graphcuts.cpp: In constructor ‘{anonymous}::NppiGraphcutStateHandler::NppiGraphcutStateHandler(NppiSize, Npp8u*, {anonymous}::init_func_t)’:
/home/relaybot/mumu/opencv/opencv-2.4.11/modules/gpu/src/graphcuts.cpp:127:39: error: ‘pState’ was not declared in this scope
             nppSafeCall( func(sznpp, &pState, pDeviceMem) );
                                       ^

解决方案：
修改opencv的源码：
在/opencv-2.4.11/modules/gpu/src/graphcuts.cpp:中将

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER) 

更改为：

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER) || (CUDART_VERSION >= 8000)

其原因是cuda8.0较新，opencv-2.4.11较早，要编译通过需要修改opencv中的源码；
但是最新的opencv2.4.13没这个问题，所以我安装opencv2.4.13.6安装很简单就成功了；
2. 安装了cuda后安装opencv出现：nvcc fatal : Unsupported gpu architecture ‘compute_11’

nvcc fatal   : Unsupported gpu architecture 'compute_11'
CMake Error at cuda_compile_generated_matrix_operations.cu.o.cmake:206 (message):
  Error generating

解决方案：

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D CUDA_GENERATION=Kepler ..

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正确的安装opencv2.4.13.6的方式：

下载好opencv2.4.13.6进行解压
cd opencv-2.4.13.6/
mkdir release
cd release/
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D CUDA_GENERATION=Kepler ..
make -j6 //这里看自己的主机

sudo make install 安装到/usr/local/文件夹下了

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测试opencv

新建一个文件夹：
添加imageBasics.cpp文件：

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

string imgtest = "../ubuntu.png";

/*
 * /imageBasics/build$ cmake ..
 * ./imageBasics ../ubuntu.png
 * 因为此处的int main()  是有输入的
 * */

int main ( int argc, char** argv )
{
    // 读取argv[1]指定的图像
    cv::Mat image;
//    image = cv::imread ( argv[1] ); //cv::imread函数读取指定路径下的图像

    image = cv::imread ( imgtest );

    // 判断图像文件是否正确读取
    if ( image.data == nullptr ) //数据不存在,可能是文件不存在
    {
        cerr<<"文件"<<argv[1]<<"不存在."<<endl;
        return 0;
    }

    // 文件顺利读取, 首先输出一些基本信息
    cout<<"图像宽为"<<image.cols<<",高为"<<image.rows<<",通道数为"<<image.channels()<<endl;
    cv::imshow ( "image", image );      // 用cv::imshow显示图像
    cv::waitKey ( 0 );                  // 暂停程序,等待一个按键输入
    // 判断image的类型
    if ( image.type() != CV_8UC1 && image.type() != CV_8UC3 )
    {
        // 图像类型不符合要求
        cout<<"请输入一张彩色图或灰度图."<<endl;
        return 0;
    }

    // 遍历图像, 请注意以下遍历方式亦可使用于随机像素访问
    // 使用 std::chrono 来给算法计时
    chrono::steady_clock::time_point t1 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
    for ( size_t y=0; y<image.rows; y++ )
    {
        for ( size_t x=0; x<image.cols; x++ )
        {
            // 访问位于 x,y 处的像素
            // 用cv::Mat::ptr获得图像的行指针
            unsigned char* row_ptr = image.ptr<unsigned char> ( y );  // row_ptr是第y行的头指针
            unsigned char* data_ptr = &row_ptr[ x*image.channels() ]; // data_ptr 指向待访问的像素数据
            // 输出该像素的每个通道,如果是灰度图就只有一个通道
            for ( int c = 0; c != image.channels(); c++ )
            {
                unsigned char data = data_ptr[c]; // data为I(x,y)第c个通道的值
            }
        }
    }
    chrono::steady_clock::time_point t2 = chrono::steady_clock::now();
    chrono::duration<double> time_used = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::duration<double>>( t2-t1 );
    cout<<"遍历图像用时："<<time_used.count()<<" 秒。"<<endl;

    // 关于 cv::Mat 的拷贝
    // 直接赋值并不会拷贝数据
    cv::Mat image_another = image;
    // 修改 image_another 会导致 image 发生变化
    image_another ( cv::Rect ( 0,0,100,100 ) ).setTo ( 0 ); // 将左上角100*100的块置零
    cv::imshow ( "image", image );
    cv::waitKey ( 0 );

    // 使用clone函数来拷贝数据   消耗时间
    cv::Mat image_clone = image.clone();
    image_clone ( cv::Rect ( 0,0,100,100 ) ).setTo ( 255 );
    cv::imshow ( "image", image );
    cv::imshow ( "image_clone", image_clone );
    cv::waitKey ( 0 );

    // 对于图像还有很多基本的操作,如剪切,旋转,缩放等,限于篇幅就不一一介绍了,请参看OpenCV官方文档查询每个函数的调用方法.
    cv::destroyAllWindows();
    return 0;
}

编写CMakeLists.txt文件

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 )
project( imageBasics )

# 添加c++ 11标准支持
set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11" )

# 寻找OpenCV库
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
# 添加头文件
include_directories( ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} )

add_executable( imageBasics imageBasics.cpp )
# 链接OpenCV库
target_link_libraries( imageBasics ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

放上一张图片ubuntu.png

打开终端进入此文件夹：
mkdir build
cmake ..
make
./imageBasics

图像宽为1200,高为674,通道数为3
遍历图像用时：0.0528485 秒。

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OpenCV Installation in Linux

依赖包：

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

Configuring. Run cmake [ <some optional parameters>]<path to the OpenCV source directory>
For example
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
or cmake-gui
set full path to OpenCV source code, e.g. /home/user/opencv
set full path to <cmake_build_dir>, e.g. /home/user/opencv/build
set optional parameters
run: “Configure”
run: “Generate”

Note
Use cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .., without spaces after -D if the above example doesn’t work.

Description of some parameters
build type: CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release\Debug
to build with modules from opencv_contrib set OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH to <path to opencv_contrib/modules/>
set BUILD_DOCS for building documents
set BUILD_EXAMPLES to build all examples
[optional] Building python. Set the following python parameters:
PYTHON2(3)_EXECUTABLE = <path to python>

PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR = /usr/include/python<version>
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR2 = /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python<version>
PYTHON_LIBRARY = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython<version>.so
PYTHON2(3)_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS = /usr/lib/python<version>/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/
[optional] Building java.
Unset parameter: BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
It is useful also to unset BUILD_EXAMPLES, BUILD_TESTS, BUILD_PERF_TESTS - as they all will be statically linked with OpenCV and can take a lot of memory.