深入Polish--GUI编程

Polish gui 编程:

1.       使用正确的import语句：正确并且非全限定的类名

a)         错误用法：

public class MyForm

extends javax.microedition.lcdui.Form

{

private javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem textItem;

public MyForm( String title ) {

//#style myForm, default

super( title );

this.textItem =

new javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem( null, "Hello World" );

append( this.textItem );

}

}

b)        正确用法

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;

public class MyForm

extends Form

{

private StringItem textItem;

public MyForm( String title ) {

//#style myForm, default

super( title );

this.textItem = new StringItem( null, "Hello World" );

append( this.textItem );

}

}

c)         如果你更倾向于使用原生的J2ME实现而不是polish的，可以通过给出全限定的类名来限制这种行为

2.       设置style

a)         当有多个style，使用第一个有效的style

b)        实例：

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;

public class MainMenu extends Form {

public MainMenu( String title ) {

//#style mainMenu, default

super( title );

[...]

}

}

 

c)         你总要在resources/polish.css定义 .mainMenu 样式,当没有找到时，polish会报错，并退出处理。Default样式很特别，即使你没有明确定义，它仍能使用。

                        i.              定义.mainMenu

.mainMenu {

background-image: url( bg.png );

columns: 2;

}

d)        在哪里插入#style语句?

                        i.              Item contructor ：#style可以放在任何item的构造器前

例子：

//#style cool, frosty,

StringItem url = new StringItem ( null, "http://192.168.101.101" );

//#style cool

ImageItem img = new ImageItem

( null, iconImage,

ImageItem.LAYOUT_DEFAULT, null );

                      ii.              Item.setApperanceMode()  #style指令能够防止调用setApperanceMode()之前，这个方法仅仅在J2ME polish内有效

例子

//#style openLink

url.setApperanceMode(Item.HYPERLINK);

                    iii.              List.append   #style指令能够放在添加一个list元素之前

//#style choice

list.append (“Start”,null);

                     iv.              List.insert 同上

//#style choice

list.insert (2,“Start”,null);

 

                       v.              List.set  同上

  //#style choice

list.set (2,“Start”,null);

 

                     vi.              Form.append 

//#style text

form.append (textItem);

 

                   vii.              ChoiceGroup.append

//#style text

group.append (“Choice 1”,null);

 

                 viii.              ChoiceGroup.insert()

//#style text

group.insert (2,“Choice 3”,null);

 

                     ix.              ChoiceGroup.set()

//#style text

group.set (2,“Choice 3”,null);

 

                       x.              Screen Constructor 

//#style mainScreen

Form form = new Form(“Menu”);

//in subclasses of Screens

//#style mainScreen

super(“Menu”);

3.       使用动态和预定义的类型

如果你使用动态类型 ，你甚至不用#style指令，这时设计基于类，例如所有form根据form样式设计，使用动态类型，可以最快的查找现有程序的GUI，但需要额外的内存和时间。所以你要为最后的程序使用正常的“静态”的样式

有的元素默认使用预先定义的样式，例如Screen标题的表现由title样式负责。

 

4.       从MIDP 2.0 移植到 MIDP 1.0

当你使用polish gui 你可以使用MIDP 2.0的组件，如popup choicegroup或CustomItem.， 完全没有任何限制

当使用MIDP2.0特有的，超出polish gui范畴的属性时候要修改源码，如Display.flashBacklight(int)

当一个特定的call不被目标设备支持，build会因为compile error停止。通常，error要被#if预处理指令包围，如下例子：

 #ifdef polish.midp2

this.display.flashBacklight(1000);

#endif

5.        特定的Item和Screen

a)         TabbedForm : de.enough.polish.ui.TabbedForm , 在不同的tab上维护gui元素，你可以使用任何的Form方法在她上面。

实例：

package com.apress.ui;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Choice;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ChoiceGroup;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.DateField;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Item;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemStateListener;

import de.enough.polish.ui.TabbedForm;

public class TabbedFormDemo implements ItemStateListener {

private final TextField nameField;

public TabbedFormDemo( CommandListener commandListener,

Display display, Command returnCmd )

{

String[] tabNames = new String[]{ "Input", "Choice",

"Connection" };

//#style tabbedScreen

TabbedForm form = new TabbedForm( "TabbedDemo", tabNames, null );

//#style label

StringItem label = new StringItem( null, "name:" );

form.append( 0, label );

//#style input

this.nameField = new TextField( null, "Robert", 30,

TextField.ANY | TextField.INITIAL_CAPS_WORD );

form.append( 0, this.nameField );

//#style label

label = new StringItem( null, "birthday:" );

form.append( 0, label );

//#style input

DateField birthdate = new DateField( null, DateField.DATE );

form.append( 0, birthdate );

//#style label

label = new StringItem( null, "What kind of animals do you like:" );

form.append( 1, label );

//#style multipleChoice

ChoiceGroup choice = new ChoiceGroup( null, Choice.MULTIPLE );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "dogs", null );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "cats", null );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "birds", null );

form.append( 1, choice );

//#style label

label = new StringItem( null, "Connection:" );

form.append( 2, label );

//#style multipleChoice

choice = new ChoiceGroup( null, Choice.MULTIPLE );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "ISDN", null );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "DSL", null );

//#style choiceItem

choice.append( "Cable", null );

form.append( 2, choice );

form.addCommand( returnCmd );

form.setCommandListener( commandListener );

form.setItemStateListener( this );

display.setCurrentItem( choice );

}

public void itemStateChanged( Item item ) {

System.out.println( "Item State Changed: " + item );

}

}

TabbedForm实例图片：

             

 

 

b)        FramedForm: de.enough.polish.ui.FramedForm 将屏幕划分为一个主区域和四个可能的frame：上下左右。只有主区域是可以滚动的。

实例：

package com.apress.ui;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Choice;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ChoiceGroup;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.DateField;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Graphics;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Item;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemStateListener;

import de.enough.polish.ui.FramedForm;

public class FramedFormDemo implements ItemStateListener {

private final TextField inputField;

private final Item[] items;

public FramedFormDemo( CommandListener commandListener,

Display display, Command returnCmd, Item[] items )

{

//#style framedScreen

FramedForm form = new FramedForm( "TabbedDemo" );

// add all normal items:

for ( int i = 0; i < items.length; i ++ ) {

form.append( items[i] );

}

//#style inputFilter

this.inputField = new TextField( "Filter: ", "", 30, TextField.ANY );

form.append( Graphics.BOTTOM, this.inputField );

form.addCommand( returnCmd );

form.setCommandListener( commandListener );

display.setCurrentItem( this.inputField );

}

public void itemStateChanged( Item item ) {

// the TextField has been changed, now filter

// the item accordingly...

}

}

 FramedForm实例图片：

              

 

c)         SpriteItem:de.enough.polish.ui.SpriteItem将动画包含在你的form里面，这个item内嵌一个正常的javax.microedtion.lcdui.game.Sprite，当item聚焦时候能够产生动画。

                        i.              SpriteItem的构造参数：

1.         Strig label :标签

2.         Sprite sprite：内嵌的Sprite,在动画过程中播放Sprite的帧序列

3.         long animationInterval：帧之间切换的间隔，这需要是100的倍数，触发你在build.xml设置polish.animationInterval

4.         int defaultFrameIndex 当SpriteItem没有聚焦时候的帧号

5.         boolean repeatAnimation 是否重复播放

实例:

package com.apress.ui;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Image;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Item;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemCommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.game.Sprite;

import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet;

import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDletStateChangeException;

import de.enough.polish.ui.SpriteItem;

public class AnimatedMenuMidlet

extends MIDlet

implements ItemCommandListener

{

private Display display;

private Form mainForm;

private final Command startCmd;

private final Command loadCmd;

private final Command aboutCmd;

private final Command exitCmd;

public AnimatedMenuMidlet() {

super();

this.startCmd = new Command( "Start Game", Command.ITEM, 1 );

this.loadCmd = new Command( "Load Game", Command.ITEM, 1 );

this.aboutCmd = new Command( "About", Command.ITEM, 1 );

this.exitCmd = new Command( "Exit", Command.ITEM, 1 );

try {

this.mainForm = new Form( "Main Menu" );

int frameWidth = 30;

int frameHeight = 30;

// create the start game menu item:

Image image = Image.createImage( "/player.png");

Sprite sprite = new Sprite( image, frameWidth, frameHeight );

sprite.setFrameSequence( new int[]{ 2, 5, 5, 6, 3, 7, 1 } );

//#style mainScreenItem

SpriteItem spriteItem = new SpriteItem( null, sprite, 200, 0, false );

spriteItem.setDefaultCommand( this.startCmd );

spriteItem.setItemCommandListener( this );

this.mainForm.append( spriteItem );

// create the load game menu item:

image = Image.createImage( "/load.png");

sprite = new Sprite( image, frameWidth, frameHeight );

// use default frame sequence

//#style mainScreenItem

spriteItem = new SpriteItem( null, sprite, 200, 0, false );

spriteItem.setDefaultCommand( this.loadCmd );

spriteItem.setItemCommandListener( this );

this.mainForm.append( spriteItem );

// create the about menu item:

image = Image.createImage( "/about.png");

sprite = new Sprite( image, frameWidth, frameHeight );

//#style mainScreenItem

spriteItem = new SpriteItem( null, sprite, 200, 0, false );

spriteItem.setDefaultCommand( this.aboutCmd );

spriteItem.setItemCommandListener( this );

this.mainForm.append( spriteItem );

// create the exit menu item:

image = Image.createImage( "/exit.png");

sprite = new Sprite( image, frameWidth, frameHeight );

//#style mainScreenItem

spriteItem = new SpriteItem( null, sprite, 200, 0, false );

spriteItem.setDefaultCommand( this.exitCmd );

spriteItem.setItemCommandListener( this );

this.mainForm.append( spriteItem );

catch ( IOException e ) {

//#debug error

System.out.println( "Unable to create menu screen" + e );

this.mainForm = null;

}

}

protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {

this.display = Display.getDisplay( this );

if ( this.mainForm == null ) {

throw new MIDletStateChangeException();

}

this.display.setCurrent( this.mainForm );

}

protected void pauseApp() {

// just pause

}

protected void destroyApp( boolean unconditional )

throws MIDletStateChangeException

{

// just quit

}

public void commandAction( Command cmd, Item item ) {

if ( cmd == this.startCmd ) {

// start game...

} else if ( cmd == this.loadCmd ) {

/// load game...

} else if ( cmd == this.aboutCmd ) {

// about this game...

} else if ( cmd == this.exitCmd ) {

notifyDestroyed();

}

}

}