linux 平台驱动分析
目录
前言
本文记录在读关于platform 平台驱动的内核源码的一些记录。
平台介绍：
linux 内核版本：3.15 rv1108提供的sdk包中的内核
重要的数据结构
bus_type
struct bus_type {
const char *name;
const char *dev_name;
struct device *dev_root;
struct bus_attribute *bus_attrs;
struct device_attribute *dev_attrs;
struct driver_attribute *drv_attrs;
int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops;
struct subsys_private *p;
struct lock_class_key lock_key;
};
platform_driver 数据结构
struct platform_driver {
int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
};
device 的数据结构
struct device {
struct device *parent;
struct device_private *p;
struct kobject kobj;
const char *init_name; /* initial name of the device */
const struct device_type *type;
struct mutex mutex; /* mutex to synchronize calls to
* its driver.
*/
struct bus_type *bus; /* type of bus device is on */
struct device_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this
device */
void *platform_data; /* Platform specific data, device
core doesn't touch it */
struct dev_pm_info power;
struct dev_pm_domain *pm_domain;
#ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL
struct dev_pin_info *pins;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
int numa_node; /* NUMA node this device is close to */
#endif
u64 *dma_mask; /* dma mask (if dma'able device) */
u64 coherent_dma_mask;/* Like dma_mask, but for
alloc_coherent mappings as
not all hardware supports
64 bit addresses for consistent
allocations such descriptors. */
struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;
struct list_head dma_pools; /* dma pools (if dma'ble) */
struct dma_coherent_mem *dma_mem; /* internal for coherent mem
override */
#ifdef CONFIG_DMA_CMA
struct cma *cma_area; /* contiguous memory area for dma
allocations */
#endif
/* arch specific additions */
struct dev_archdata archdata;
struct device_node *of_node; /* associated device tree node */
struct acpi_dev_node acpi_node; /* associated ACPI device node */
dev_t devt; /* dev_t, creates the sysfs "dev" */
u32 id; /* device instance */
spinlock_t devres_lock;
struct list_head devres_head;
struct klist_node knode_class;
struct class *class;
const struct attribute_group **groups; /* optional groups */
void (*release)(struct device *dev);
struct iommu_group *iommu_group;
platform driver 调用关系图
下面以 serial_rk_init (如下图所示) 做为入口分析代码的调用流程。
//平台驱动probe关系图
// drivers/tty/serial/rk_serial.c
#ifdef CONFIG_OF
static const struct of_device_id of_rk_serial_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "rockchip,serial" },
{ /* Sentinel */ }
};
#endif
static struct platform_driver serial_rk_driver = {
.probe = serial_rk_probe,
.remove = serial_rk_remove,
.suspend = serial_rk_suspend,
.resume = serial_rk_resume,
.driver = {
.name = "serial",
#ifdef CONFIG_OF
.of_match_table = of_rk_serial_match,
#endif
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};
static int __init serial_rk_init(void)
{
int ret;
printk("%s\n", VERSION_AND_TIME);
ret = uart_register_driver(&serial_rk_reg);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = platform_driver_register(&serial_rk_driver);
if (ret != 0)
uart_unregister_driver(&serial_rk_reg);
return ret;
}
// drivers/base/platform.c
int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)
{
drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
if (drv->probe)
drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
if (drv->remove)
drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
if (drv->shutdown)
drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
return driver_register(&drv->driver);
}
// drivers/base/driver.c
int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
{
int ret;
struct device_driver *other;
BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);
if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
(drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
(drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
"bus_type methods\n", drv->name);
other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
if (other) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
"aborting...\n", drv->name);
return -EBUSY;
}
ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
if (ret) {
bus_remove_driver(drv);
return ret;
}
kobject_uevent(&drv->p->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
return ret;
}
// drivers/base/bus.c
int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct bus_type *bus;
struct driver_private *priv;
int error = 0;
bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
if (!bus)
return -EINVAL;
......
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
// int bus_register(struct bus_type *bus) 中drivers_autoprobe 被置1
if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
error = driver_attach(drv);
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
}
......
}
// drivers/base/dd.c
int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv)
{
return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
}
// drivers/base/dd.c
static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
struct device_driver *drv = data;
/*
* Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error
* here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying
* to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error
* simply if it didn't support the device.
*
* driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there
* is an error.
*/
if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
return 0;
if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
device_lock(dev->parent);
device_lock(dev);
if (!dev->driver)
driver_probce_device(drv, dev);
device_unlock(dev);
if (dev->parent)
device_unlock(dev->parent);
return 0;
}
// drivers/base/dd.c
int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
{
int ret = 0;
if (!device_is_registered(dev))
return -ENODEV;
pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
pm_request_idle(dev);
return ret;
}
// drivers/base/dd.c
static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
int ret = 0;
int local_trigger_count = atomic_read(&deferred_trigger_count);
......
if (dev->bus->probe) {
ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
} else if (drv->probe) {
ret = drv->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
}
driver_bound(dev);
......
}
到ret = dev->bus->probe(dev); 可以看到用最前面提到的serial_rk_init
.probe = serial_rk_probe, 至此调用流程分析完成
platform device 调用关系图
如果是没有设备树的方式，则device驱动 调用platform_device_register ( --> platform_device_add–>device_add ) 的方式 详细见图中的调用关系。
如果是使用设备树的形式，见“devicetree 变成platefom_device” 章节
下面的serial的 device 与driver对应
代码如下，对应的详细分析（为什么serial_rk_init 有对应的设备注册到probe,同样probe中为什么也有设备注册，以及与rv1108设备树的联系）待完善…
serial_rk_init
// drivers/tty/serial/rk_serial.c
static int __init serial_rk_init(void)
{
int ret;
printk("%s\n", VERSION_AND_TIME);
ret = uart_register_driver(&serial_rk_reg);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = platform_driver_register(&serial_rk_driver);
if (ret != 0)
uart_unregister_driver(&serial_rk_reg);
return ret;
}
int tty_register_driver(struct tty_driver *driver)
{
int error;
int i;
dev_t dev;
struct device *d;
if (!driver->major) {
error = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, driver->minor_start,
driver->num, driver->name);
if (!error) {
driver->major = MAJOR(dev);
driver->minor_start = MINOR(dev);
}
} else {
dev = MKDEV(driver->major, driver->minor_start);
error = register_chrdev_region(dev, driver->num, driver->name);
}
if (error < 0)
goto err;
if (driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_ALLOC) {
error = tty_cdev_add(driver, dev, 0, driver->num);
if (error)
goto err_unreg_char;
}
mutex_lock(&tty_mutex);
list_add(&driver->tty_drivers, &tty_drivers);
mutex_unlock(&tty_mutex);
if (!(driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV)) {
for (i = 0; i < driver->num; i++) {
d = tty_register_device(driver, i, NULL);
if (IS_ERR(d)) {
error = PTR_ERR(d);
goto err_unreg_devs;
}
}
}
proc_tty_register_driver(driver);
driver->flags |= TTY_DRIVER_INSTALLED;
return 0;
err_unreg_devs:
for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
tty_unregister_device(driver, i);
mutex_lock(&tty_mutex);
list_del(&driver->tty_drivers);
mutex_unlock(&tty_mutex);
err_unreg_char:
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, driver->num);
err:
return error;
}
//drivers/tty/serial/tty_io.c
struct device *tty_register_device(struct tty_driver *driver, unsigned index,
struct device *device)
{
return tty_register_device_attr(driver, index, device, NULL, NULL);
}
//drivers/tty/ty_io.c
struct device *tty_register_device_attr(struct tty_driver *driver,
unsigned index, struct device *device,
void *drvdata,
const struct attribute_group **attr_grp)
{
char name[64];
dev_t devt = MKDEV(driver->major, driver->minor_start) + index;
struct device *dev = NULL;
int retval = -ENODEV;
bool cdev = false;
if (index >= driver->num) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Attempt to register invalid tty line number "
" (%d).\n", index);
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
if (driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY)
pty_line_name(driver, index, name);
else
tty_line_name(driver, index, name);
if (!(driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_ALLOC)) {
retval = tty_cdev_add(driver, devt, index, 1);
if (retval)
goto error;
cdev = true;
}
dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev) {
retval = -ENOMEM;
goto error;
}
dev->devt = devt;
dev->class = tty_class;
dev->parent = device;
dev->release = tty_device_create_release;
dev_set_name(dev, "%s", name);
dev->groups = attr_grp;
dev_set_drvdata(dev, drvdata);
retval = device_register(dev);
if (retval)
goto error;
return dev;
error:
put_device(dev);
if (cdev)
cdev_del(&driver->cdevs[index]);
return ERR_PTR(retval);
}
//drivers/base/core.c
int device_register(struct device *dev)
{
device_initialize(dev);
return device_add(dev);
}
//drivers/base/core.c
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
struct device *parent = NULL;
struct kobject *kobj;
struct class_interface *class_intf;
int error = -EINVAL;
.......
error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
if (error)
goto SymlinkError;
error = device_add_attrs(dev);
if (error)
goto AttrsError;
error = bus_add_device(dev);
if (error)
goto BusError;
error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
if (error)
goto DPMError;
device_pm_add(dev);
/* Notify clients of device addition. This call must come
* after dpm_sysfs_add() and before kobject_uevent().
*/
if (dev->bus)
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
bus_probe_device(dev);
......
}
//drivers/base/bus.c
void bus_probe_device(struct device *dev)
{
struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
struct subsys_interface *sif;
int ret;
if (!bus)
return;
if (bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
ret = device_attach(dev);
WARN_ON(ret < 0);
}
mutex_lock(&bus->p->mutex);
list_for_each_entry(sif, &bus->p->interfaces, node)
if (sif->add_dev)
sif->add_dev(dev, sif);
mutex_unlock(&bus->p->mutex);
}
后面的与上面提到的驱动配置到probe一样
device_attach -->__device_attach -->driver_probe_device
串口这里增加设备，再增加驱动。从上面关系图中，看到serial_rk_probe 调用关系 最后也调用到了bus_probe_device.
匹配的过程
driver_match_device
static inline int driver_match_device(struct device_driver *drv,
struct device *dev)
{
return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
}
// drivers/base/platform.c
struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
.name = "platform",
.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,
.match = platform_match,
.uevent = platform_uevent,
.pm = &platform_dev_pm_ops,
};
调用 platform_match
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
/* Attempt an OF style match first */
if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
return 1;
/* Then try ACPI style match */
if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
return 1;
/* Then try to match against the id table */
if (pdrv->id_table)
return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
/* fall-back to driver name match */
return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}
从上面的代码分析配置顺序，我们可以看出匹配的优先级。
内存设备树的初始化
//arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
{
struct machine_desc *mdesc;
setup_processor();
mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer);
.........
if (mdesc->restart)
arm_pm_restart = mdesc->restart;
unflatten_device_tree();
..........
}
//drivers/of/fdt.c
void __init unflatten_device_tree(void)
{
__unflatten_device_tree(initial_boot_params, &of_allnodes,
early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch);
/* Get pointer to "/chosen" and "/aliasas" nodes for use everywhere */
of_alias_scan(early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch);
}
devicetree 变成platefom_device
dts 如何把devicetree 变成platefom_device的
// arch/arm/kernel.c
static int __init customize_machine(void)
{
/*
* customizes platform devices, or adds new ones
* On DT based machines, we fall back to populating the
* machine from the device tree, if no callback is provided,
* otherwise we would always need an init_machine callback.
*/
if (machine_desc->init_machine)
machine_desc->init_machine();
#ifdef CONFIG_OF
else
of_platform_populate(NULL, of_default_bus_match_table,
NULL, NULL);
#endif
return 0;
}
// drivers/of/platform.c
int of_platform_populate(struct device_node *root,
const struct of_device_id *matches,
const struct of_dev_auxdata *lookup,
struct device *parent)
{
struct device_node *child;
int rc = 0;
root = root ? of_node_get(root) : of_find_node_by_path("/");
if (!root)
return -EINVAL;
for_each_child_of_node(root, child) {
rc = of_platform_bus_create(child, matches, lookup, parent, true);
if (rc)
break;
}
of_node_put(root);
return rc;
}
// drivers/of/platform.c
static int of_platform_bus_create(struct device_node *bus,
const struct of_device_id *matches,
const struct of_dev_auxdata *lookup,
struct device *parent, bool strict)
{
const struct of_dev_auxdata *auxdata;
struct device_node *child;
struct platform_device *dev;
const char *bus_id = NULL;
void *platform_data = NULL;
int rc = 0;
/* Make sure it has a compatible property */
if (strict && (!of_get_property(bus, "compatible", NULL))) {
pr_debug("%s() - skipping %s, no compatible prop\n",
__func__, bus->full_name);
return 0;
}
auxdata = of_dev_lookup(lookup, bus);
if (auxdata) {
bus_id = auxdata->name;
platform_data = auxdata->platform_data;
}
if (of_device_is_compatible(bus, "arm,primecell")) {
of_amba_device_create(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent);
return 0;
}
dev = of_platform_device_create_pdata(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent);
if (!dev || !of_match_node(matches, bus))
return 0;
for_each_child_of_node(bus, child) {
pr_debug(" create child: %s\n", child->full_name);
rc = of_platform_bus_create(child, matches, lookup, &dev->dev, strict);
if (rc) {
of_node_put(child);
break;
}
}
of_node_set_flag(bus, OF_POPULATED_BUS);
return rc;
}
// drivers/of/platform.c
struct platform_device *of_platform_device_create_pdata(
struct device_node *np,
const char *bus_id,
void *platform_data,
struct device *parent)
{
struct platform_device *dev;
if (!of_device_is_available(np) ||
of_node_test_and_set_flag(np, OF_POPULATED))
return NULL;
dev = of_device_alloc(np, bus_id, parent);
if (!dev)
goto err_clear_flag;
#if defined(CONFIG_MICROBLAZE)
dev->archdata.dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL;
#endif
dev->dev.coherent_dma_mask = DMA_BIT_MASK(32);
dev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;
dev->dev.platform_data = platform_data;
/* We do not fill the DMA ops for platform devices by default.
* This is currently the responsibility of the platform code
* to do such, possibly using a device notifier
*/
if (of_device_add(dev) != 0) {
platform_device_put(dev);
goto err_clear_flag;
}
return dev;
err_clear_flag:
of_node_clear_flag(np, OF_POPULATED);
return NULL;
}
//drivers/of/device.c
int of_device_add(struct platform_device *ofdev)
{
BUG_ON(ofdev->dev.of_node == NULL);
/* name and id have to be set so that the platform bus doesn't get
* confused on matching */
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ROCKCHIP
ofdev->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s", dev_name(&ofdev->dev));
#else
ofdev->name = dev_name(&ofdev->dev);
#endif
ofdev->id = -1;
/* device_add will assume that this device is on the same node as
* the parent. If there is no parent defined, set the node
* explicitly */
if (!ofdev->dev.parent)
set_dev_node(&ofdev->dev, of_node_to_nid(ofdev->dev.of_node));
return device_add(&ofdev->dev);
}
//drivers/bas/core.c
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
struct device *parent = NULL;
struct kobject *kobj;
struct class_interface *class_intf;
int error = -EINVAL;
dev = get_device(dev);
if (!dev)
goto done;
if (!dev->p) {
error = device_private_init(dev);
if (error)
goto done;
}
/*
* for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
* some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
* the name, and force the use of dev_name()
*/
if (dev->init_name) {
dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
dev->init_name = NULL;
}
/* subsystems can specify simple device enumeration */
if (!dev_name(dev) && dev->bus && dev->bus->dev_name)
dev_set_name(dev, "%s%u", dev->bus->dev_name, dev->id);
if (!dev_name(dev)) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto name_error;
}
pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);
parent = get_device(dev->parent);
kobj = get_device_parent(dev, parent);
if (kobj)
dev->kobj.parent = kobj;
/* use parent numa_node */
if (parent)
set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent));
/* first, register with generic layer. */
/* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL);
if (error)
goto Error;
/* notify platform of device entry */
if (platform_notify)
platform_notify(dev);
error = device_create_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
if (error)
goto attrError;
if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
error = device_create_file(dev, &devt_attr);
if (error)
goto ueventattrError;
error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev);
if (error)
goto devtattrError;
devtmpfs_create_node(dev);
}
error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
if (error)
goto SymlinkError;
error = device_add_attrs(dev);
if (error)
goto AttrsError;
error = bus_add_device(dev);
if (error)
goto BusError;
error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
if (error)
goto DPMError;
device_pm_add(dev);
/* Notify clients of device addition. This call must come
* after dpm_sysfs_add() and before kobject_uevent().
*/
if (dev->bus)
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
bus_probe_device(dev);
if (parent)
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
&parent->p->klist_children);
if (dev->class) {
mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
/* tie the class to the device */
klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_class,
&dev->class->p->klist_devices);
/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
&dev->class->p->interfaces, node)
if (class_intf->add_dev)
class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
}
done:
put_device(dev);
return error;
DPMError:
bus_remove_device(dev);
BusError:
device_remove_attrs(dev);
AttrsError:
device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
SymlinkError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
devtmpfs_delete_node(dev);
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_sys_dev_entry(dev);
devtattrError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_file(dev, &devt_attr);
ueventattrError:
device_remove_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
attrError:
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
Error:
cleanup_device_parent(dev);
if (parent)
put_device(parent);
name_error:
kfree(dev->p);
dev->p = NULL;
goto done;
}
最后又回到了我们前面提到的 bus_add_device
这样处理的作用与使用
待完成
其它
关于linux platform平台设备驱动框架，这里的图会更清晰。点这里
扫一扫
291
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
