GhostNet学习记录：

简单的记录一下对ghostnet的学习。

作者大大自己写的文章：CVPR 2020：华为GhostNet，超越谷歌MobileNet，已开源 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

1、要解决的问题：

        作者提出，在一个训练好的神经网络中，会存在很多的冗余特征，如下图（图出自论文），而这些冗余的特征可以通过一些廉价的操作从别的特征图变换中得到。因此作者的想法是，通过卷积得到一部分的特征，然后通过一些廉价的操作从这些特征图中得到冗余的特征。

2、ghost卷积：

卷积过程：

（1）先通过卷积生成一部分的特征图。

（2）对每个通道通过廉价的线性变换（其实就是对每个通道进行一次卷积，等价于深度卷积）。

（3）将第一步生成的特征图与第二步生成的特征图拼接到一起。

3、ghost bottleneck:

 （1）stride = 1的情况：

        当stride=1的时候，不进行下采样，特征图的宽高保持不变。这一部分思想类似mobilenetV2，先通过一个Ghost module用作扩展层，增加特征的通道数，扩展出冗余的特征，这是为了防止低维度的特征在ReLU激活的时候造成信息丢失。经过ReLU激活之后使用一个Ghost module降低特征维度，减少计算量。

（1）stride = 2的情况：

        当stride=2的时候，对特征进行下采样。两个Ghost module作用和stride=1的时候是相同的，除此之外在两个Ghost module之间加入一个stride=2的DWConv，实现下采样的功能。

代码如下：

"""
Creates a GhostNet Model as defined in:
GhostNet: More Features from Cheap Operations By Kai Han, Yunhe Wang, Qi Tian, Jianyuan Guo, Chunjing Xu, Chang Xu.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11907
Modified from https://github.com/d-li14/mobilenetv3.pytorch
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import math


__all__ = ['ghost_net']


def _make_divisible(v, divisor, min_value=None):
    """
    This function is taken from the original tf repo.
    It ensures that all layers have a channel number that is divisible by 8
    It can be seen here:
    https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/slim/nets/mobilenet/mobilenet.py
    """
    if min_value is None:
        min_value = divisor
    new_v = max(min_value, int(v + divisor / 2) // divisor * divisor)
    # Make sure that round down does not go down by more than 10%.
    if new_v < 0.9 * v:
        new_v += divisor
    return new_v


class SELayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, channel, reduction=4):
        super(SELayer, self).__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction),
                nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel),        )

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
        y = self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c)
        y = self.fc(y).view(b, c, 1, 1)
        y = torch.clamp(y, 0, 1)
        return x * y


def depthwise_conv(inp, oup, kernel_size=3, stride=1, relu=False):
    return nn.Sequential(
        nn.Conv2d(inp, oup, kernel_size, stride, kernel_size//2, groups=inp, bias=False),
        nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),
        nn.ReLU(inplace=True) if relu else nn.Sequential(),
    )

class GhostModule(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, inp, oup, kernel_size=1, ratio=2, dw_size=3, stride=1, relu=True):
        super(GhostModule, self).__init__()
        self.oup = oup
        init_channels = math.ceil(oup / ratio)
        new_channels = init_channels*(ratio-1)

        self.primary_conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(inp, init_channels, kernel_size, stride, kernel_size//2, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(init_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True) if relu else nn.Sequential(),
        )

        self.cheap_operation = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(init_channels, new_channels, dw_size, 1, dw_size//2, groups=init_channels, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(new_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True) if relu else nn.Sequential(),
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x1 = self.primary_conv(x)
        x2 = self.cheap_operation(x1)
        out = torch.cat([x1,x2], dim=1)
        return out[:,:self.oup,:,:]


class GhostBottleneck(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, inp, hidden_dim, oup, kernel_size, stride, use_se):
        super(GhostBottleneck, self).__init__()
        assert stride in [1, 2]

        self.conv = nn.Sequential(
            # pw
            GhostModule(inp, hidden_dim, kernel_size=1, relu=True),
            # dw
            depthwise_conv(hidden_dim, hidden_dim, kernel_size, stride, relu=False) if stride==2 else nn.Sequential(),
            # Squeeze-and-Excite
            SELayer(hidden_dim) if use_se else nn.Sequential(),
            # pw-linear
            GhostModule(hidden_dim, oup, kernel_size=1, relu=False),
        )

        if stride == 1 and inp == oup:
            self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()
        else:
            self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
                depthwise_conv(inp, inp, kernel_size, stride, relu=False),
                nn.Conv2d(inp, oup, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(oup),
            )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.conv(x) + self.shortcut(x)


class GhostNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, cfgs, num_classes=1000, width_mult=1.):
        super(GhostNet, self).__init__()
        # setting of inverted residual blocks
        self.cfgs = cfgs

        # building first layer
        output_channel = _make_divisible(16 * width_mult, 4)
        layers = [nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, output_channel, 3, 2, 1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(output_channel),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )]
        input_channel = output_channel

        # building inverted residual blocks
        block = GhostBottleneck
        for k, exp_size, c, use_se, s in self.cfgs:
            output_channel = _make_divisible(c * width_mult, 4)
            hidden_channel = _make_divisible(exp_size * width_mult, 4)
            layers.append(block(input_channel, hidden_channel, output_channel, k, s, use_se))
            input_channel = output_channel
        self.features = nn.Sequential(*layers)

        # building last several layers
        output_channel = _make_divisible(exp_size * width_mult, 4)
        self.squeeze = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(input_channel, output_channel, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(output_channel),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)),
        )
        input_channel = output_channel

        output_channel = 1280
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_channel, output_channel, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm1d(output_channel),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(0.2),
            nn.Linear(output_channel, num_classes),
        )

        self._initialize_weights()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.features(x)
        x = self.squeeze(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x

    def _initialize_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
                m.weight.data.fill_(1)
                m.bias.data.zero_()


def ghost_net(num_classes=1000):
    """
    Constructs a GhostNet model
    """
    cfgs = [
        # k, t, c, SE, s
        [3,  16,  16, 0, 1],
        [3,  48,  24, 0, 2],
        [3,  72,  24, 0, 1],
        [5,  72,  40, 1, 2],
        [5, 120,  40, 1, 1],
        [3, 240,  80, 0, 2],
        [3, 200,  80, 0, 1],
        [3, 184,  80, 0, 1],
        [3, 184,  80, 0, 1],
        [3, 480, 112, 1, 1],
        [3, 672, 112, 1, 1],
        [5, 672, 160, 1, 2],
        [5, 960, 160, 0, 1],
        [5, 960, 160, 1, 1],
        [5, 960, 160, 0, 1],
        [5, 960, 160, 1, 1]
    ]
    model = GhostNet(cfgs, num_classes=num_classes)
    return model


if __name__=='__main__':
    model = ghost_net(num_classes=10)
    input = torch.randn(1,3,224,224)
    out = model(input)
    print(out.shape)