前言:问题来自于《Unity Shader入门精要》中,第195页。书中给出了如何在forwardbase和forwardadd中计算逐像素光照,并没有给出如何同时进行逐顶点的光照,因此当我们把点光源设置为not important时,书中的shader将无法正确渲染此光源。为了解决这个问题我们可以使用9.1.1节中提到的Shade4PointLights函数和一些内置的变量。
1.Shade4PointLights()的用法
float3 Shade4PointLights (
float4 lightPosX, float4 lightPosY, float4 lightPosZ,
float3 lightColor0, float3 lightColor1, float3 lightColor2, float3 lightColor3,
float4 lightAttenSq,
float3 pos, float3 normal)
{
// to light vectors
float4 toLightX = lightPosX - pos.x;
float4 toLightY = lightPosY - pos.y;
float4 toLightZ = lightPosZ - pos.z;
// squared lengths
float4 lengthSq = 0;
lengthSq += toLightX * toLightX;
lengthSq += toLightY * toLightY;
lengthSq += toLightZ * toLightZ;
// don't produce NaNs if some vertex position overlaps with the light
lengthSq = max(lengthSq, 0.000001);
// NdotL
float4 ndotl = 0;
ndotl += toLightX * normal.x;
ndotl += toLightY * normal.y;
ndotl += toLightZ * normal.z;
// correct NdotL
float4 corr = rsqrt(lengthSq);
ndotl = max (float4(0,0,0,0), ndotl * corr);
// attenuation
float4 atten = 1.0 / (1.0 + lengthSq * lightAttenSq);
float4 diff = ndotl * atten;
// final color
float3 col = 0;
col += lightColor0 * diff.x;
col += lightColor1 * diff.y;
col += lightColor2 * diff.z;
col += lightColor3 * diff.w;
return col;
}
以上是Shade4PointLights()函数的完整实现代码,可以看到参数列表有足足10个,这些参数也都是UnityCG.cginc中找到的:
unity_4LightPosX0: float4,Unity内置变量,四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的X坐标
unity_4LightPosY0: float4,Unity内置变量,四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的Y坐标
unity_4LightPosZ0: float4,Unity内置变量,四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的Z坐标
unity_LightColor[0].rgb: Unity内置变量,储存着第一个非重要光源的颜色
unity_LightColor[1·].rgb: Unity内置变量,储存着第二个非重要光源的颜色
unity_LightColor[2].rgb: Unity内置变量,储存着第三个非重要光源的颜色
unity_LightColor[3].rgb: Unity内置变量,储存着第四个非重要光源的颜色
unity_4LightAtten0: float4, Unity内置变量,四个分量分别储存着四个光源的光照衰减因子
pos:顶点世界坐标
normal:顶点法线
关于此函数的更详细内容可以参考Shade4PointLights_zengjunjie59的博客-CSDN博客
2.如何在forwardbase中使用此函数来渲染not important的光源
先给出源码:
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Forward Rendering" {
Properties {
_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
}
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
Pass {
// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }
//Blend One One
CGPROGRAM
// Apparently need to add this declaration
#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
fixed4 color : COLOR;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(o.worldPos));
fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos));
//计算逐顶点光照
float3 fourPointLightColor = Shade4PointLights(unity_4LightPosX0, unity_4LightPosY0, unity_4LightPosZ0, unity_LightColor[0].rgb,
unity_LightColor[1].rgb, unity_LightColor[2].rgb, unity_LightColor[3].rgb, unity_4LightAtten0, o.worldPos, o.worldNormal);
o.color = fixed4( fourPointLightColor, 1.0);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
fixed atten = 1.0;
return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten+i.color, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
Pass {
// Pass for other pixel lights
Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
Blend One One
CGPROGRAM
// Apparently need to add this declaration
#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
#include "AutoLight.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
#else
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
#endif
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
fixed atten = 1.0;
#else
#if defined (POINT)
float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
#elif defined (SPOT)
float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
fixed atten = (lightCoord.z > 0) * tex2D(_LightTexture0, lightCoord.xy / lightCoord.w + 0.5).w * tex2D(_LightTextureB0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
#else
fixed atten = 1.0;
#endif
#endif
return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
可以对比书中给出的shader,需要修改的部分只有forwardbase的vert而已(注意要在v2f中声明fixed4 color:COLOR):
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(o.worldPos));
fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos));
//计算逐顶点光照
float3 fourPointLightColor = Shade4PointLights(unity_4LightPosX0, unity_4LightPosY0, unity_4LightPosZ0, unity_LightColor[0].rgb,
unity_LightColor[1].rgb, unity_LightColor[2].rgb, unity_LightColor[3].rgb, unity_4LightAtten0, o.worldPos, o.worldNormal);
o.color = fixed4( fourPointLightColor, 1.0);
return o;
}
保存shader之后,把光源的Render Mode设置为Not Important,就可以看到效果了:
可以在frameDebugger中看到,只调用了一次draw mesh capsule,4个点光源都在forwardbase这个通道中就完成了渲染:
3.存在的问题
第一个很显然的问题是,这个函数计算出的光照结果只有漫反射效果,也就是说没有specular项,对比一下在additional中逐像素的计算结果就可以清晰的看出来:
总结一下:似乎unity现在的版本不太提倡在vert中进行光照计算了,能做的也仅仅是计算点光源的漫反射而已(高光的逐顶点效果实在太差了,内置的模型精度太低)。因此在渲染多光源场景的时候,最好在additional中进行逐像素计算,或者可以使用延迟渲染路径。
如果有错误,欢迎指出,有任何建议的也欢迎进行交流学习,栓Q~