如何在unity的前向渲染路径ForwardBase中同时使用逐顶点和逐像素光源

前言：问题来自于《Unity Shader入门精要》中，第195页。书中给出了如何在forwardbase和forwardadd中计算逐像素光照，并没有给出如何同时进行逐顶点的光照，因此当我们把点光源设置为not important时，书中的shader将无法正确渲染此光源。为了解决这个问题我们可以使用9.1.1节中提到的Shade4PointLights函数和一些内置的变量。

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1.Shade4PointLights()的用法

float3 Shade4PointLights (
    float4 lightPosX, float4 lightPosY, float4 lightPosZ,
    float3 lightColor0, float3 lightColor1, float3 lightColor2, float3 lightColor3,
    float4 lightAttenSq,
    float3 pos, float3 normal)
{
    // to light vectors
    float4 toLightX = lightPosX - pos.x;
    float4 toLightY = lightPosY - pos.y;
    float4 toLightZ = lightPosZ - pos.z;
    // squared lengths
    float4 lengthSq = 0;
    lengthSq += toLightX * toLightX;
    lengthSq += toLightY * toLightY;
    lengthSq += toLightZ * toLightZ;
    // don't produce NaNs if some vertex position overlaps with the light
    lengthSq = max(lengthSq, 0.000001);
 
    // NdotL
    float4 ndotl = 0;
    ndotl += toLightX * normal.x;
    ndotl += toLightY * normal.y;
    ndotl += toLightZ * normal.z;
    // correct NdotL
    float4 corr = rsqrt(lengthSq);
    ndotl = max (float4(0,0,0,0), ndotl * corr);
    // attenuation
    float4 atten = 1.0 / (1.0 + lengthSq * lightAttenSq);
    float4 diff = ndotl * atten;
    // final color
    float3 col = 0;
    col += lightColor0 * diff.x;
    col += lightColor1 * diff.y;
    col += lightColor2 * diff.z;
    col += lightColor3 * diff.w;
    return col;
}

以上是Shade4PointLights()函数的完整实现代码，可以看到参数列表有足足10个，这些参数也都是UnityCG.cginc中找到的：

unity_4LightPosX0： float4，Unity内置变量，四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的X坐标

unity_4LightPosY0： float4，Unity内置变量，四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的Y坐标

unity_4LightPosZ0： float4，Unity内置变量，四个分量分别存储着四个光源位置的Z坐标

unity_LightColor[0].rgb: Unity内置变量，储存着第一个非重要光源的颜色

unity_LightColor[1·].rgb: Unity内置变量，储存着第二个非重要光源的颜色

unity_LightColor[2].rgb: Unity内置变量，储存着第三个非重要光源的颜色

unity_LightColor[3].rgb: Unity内置变量，储存着第四个非重要光源的颜色

unity_4LightAtten0: float4, Unity内置变量，四个分量分别储存着四个光源的光照衰减因子

pos：顶点世界坐标

normal：顶点法线

关于此函数的更详细内容可以参考Shade4PointLights_zengjunjie59的博客-CSDN博客

2.如何在forwardbase中使用此函数来渲染not important的光源

先给出源码：

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 9/Forward Rendering" {
	Properties {
		_Diffuse ("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Specular ("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_Gloss ("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
	}
	SubShader {
		Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		Pass {
			// Pass for ambient light & first pixel light (directional light)
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardBase" }

			//Blend One One
			
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration 
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdbase	
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "UnityCG.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				fixed4 color : COLOR;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				
				o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;

				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(o.worldPos));
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos));

				//计算逐顶点光照
				float3 fourPointLightColor = Shade4PointLights(unity_4LightPosX0, unity_4LightPosY0, unity_4LightPosZ0, unity_LightColor[0].rgb,
					unity_LightColor[1].rgb, unity_LightColor[2].rgb, unity_LightColor[3].rgb, unity_4LightAtten0, o.worldPos, o.worldNormal);

				
				o.color = fixed4( fourPointLightColor, 1.0);
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				
				fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
				
			 	fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));

			 	fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
			 	fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
			 	fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);

				fixed atten = 1.0;
				
				return fixed4(ambient + (diffuse + specular) * atten+i.color, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	
		Pass {
			// Pass for other pixel lights
			Tags { "LightMode"="ForwardAdd" }
			
			Blend One One
		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			// Apparently need to add this declaration
			#pragma multi_compile_fwdadd
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "Lighting.cginc"
			#include "AutoLight.cginc"
			
			fixed4 _Diffuse;
			fixed4 _Specular;
			float _Gloss;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
				float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
			};
			
			v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				
				o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
				#else
					fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
				#endif
				
				fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
				
				fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
				fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
				fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
				
				#ifdef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
					fixed atten = 1.0;
				#else
					#if defined (POINT)
				        float3 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1)).xyz;
				        fixed atten = tex2D(_LightTexture0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
				    #elif defined (SPOT)
				        float4 lightCoord = mul(unity_WorldToLight, float4(i.worldPos, 1));
				        fixed atten = (lightCoord.z > 0) * tex2D(_LightTexture0, lightCoord.xy / lightCoord.w + 0.5).w * tex2D(_LightTextureB0, dot(lightCoord, lightCoord).rr).UNITY_ATTEN_CHANNEL;
				    #else
				        fixed atten = 1.0;
				    #endif
				#endif

				return fixed4((diffuse + specular) * atten, 1.0);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	FallBack "Specular"
}

可以对比书中给出的shader，需要修改的部分只有forwardbase的vert而已（注意要在v2f中声明fixed4 color：COLOR）：

v2f vert(a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
				
				o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;

				fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceLightDir(o.worldPos));
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(o.worldPos));

				//计算逐顶点光照
				float3 fourPointLightColor = Shade4PointLights(unity_4LightPosX0, unity_4LightPosY0, unity_4LightPosZ0, unity_LightColor[0].rgb,
					unity_LightColor[1].rgb, unity_LightColor[2].rgb, unity_LightColor[3].rgb, unity_4LightAtten0, o.worldPos, o.worldNormal);

				
				o.color = fixed4( fourPointLightColor, 1.0);
				
				return o;
			}

保存shader之后，把光源的Render Mode设置为Not Important，就可以看到效果了：

可以在frameDebugger中看到，只调用了一次draw mesh capsule，4个点光源都在forwardbase这个通道中就完成了渲染：

3.存在的问题

第一个很显然的问题是，这个函数计算出的光照结果只有漫反射效果，也就是说没有specular项，对比一下在additional中逐像素的计算结果就可以清晰的看出来：

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总结一下：似乎unity现在的版本不太提倡在vert中进行光照计算了，能做的也仅仅是计算点光源的漫反射而已（高光的逐顶点效果实在太差了，内置的模型精度太低）。因此在渲染多光源场景的时候，最好在additional中进行逐像素计算，或者可以使用延迟渲染路径。

如果有错误，欢迎指出，有任何建议的也欢迎进行交流学习，栓Q~