高数 07.11 多元函数微分学习题03B二重积分

二重积分 练习题
(一)单项选择题
$1.若D是平面区域\lbrace 1 \leq x^2 + y^2 \leq 4 \rbrace,则\iint_D dxdy = (\ \ {\color{blue}{C} }\ \ )$
$A. \pi \quad B.4\pi \quad C.3\pi \quad D.15\pi$
$解:\\ \iint_D dxdy = S_D = \pi(2^2 - 1^2) = 3\pi$

$2.若D是平面区域-1 \leq x \leq 1, 0 \leq y \leq 1,则\iint_D (x^3 + 2y)dxdy = (\ \ {\color{blue}{C} }\ \ )$
$A. 0 \quad B.1 \quad C.2 \quad D.3$
$解:\\ \iint_D (x^3 + 2y)dxdy = \int_{-1}^1 dx \int_0^1 (x^3 + 2y) dy \\ = \int_{-1}^1 [x^3y + y^2]_0^1 dx \\ = \int_{-1}^1 (x^3 + 1) dx \\ = [\dfrac{1}{4}x^4 + x]_{-1}^1 \\ = 2$

(二)填空题
$1.交换二次积分次序, I= \int_0^1 dx \int_0^x f(x, y) dy = \underline{ \ \ {\color{blue}{\int_0^1 dy \int_y^1 f(x, y) dx} }\ \ }$
$解:\\ I= \int_0^1 dx \int_0^x f(x, y) dy \\ = \int_0^1 dy \int_y^1 f(x, y) dx$

$2.交换二次积分次序, I= \int_0^1 dx \int_{\sqrt{x}}^1 f(x, y) dy = \underline{ \ \ {\color{blue}{\int_0^1 dy \int_0^{y^2} f(x, y) dx} }\ \ }$
$解:\\ 已知D: 0 \leq x \leq 1, \sqrt{x} \leq y \leq 1; \\ 变换后, 0 \leq y \leq 1, 0 \leq x \leq y^2 I= \int_0^1 dx \int_{\sqrt{x}}^1 f(x, y) \\ = \int_0^1 dy \int_0^{y^2} f(x, y) dx$

$3.交换二次积分次序, I= \int_1^e dx \int_{0}^{\ln{x}} f(x, y) dy = \underline{ \ \ {\color{blue}{ \int_0^1 dy \int_{e^y}^e f(x, y) dx } }\ \ }$
$解:\\ 已知D:1 \leq x \leq e, 0 \leq y \leq \ln{x}; \\ 变换后: 0 \leq y \leq 1, e^y \leq x \leq e; \\ I= \int_1^e dx \int_{0}^{\ln{x}} f(x, y) dy \\ = \int_0^1 dy \int_{e^y}^e f(x, y) dx$

$4.设区域D由x^2 + y^2 = 2围成, 则\iint_D(x + x^3) dxdy = \underline{ \ \ {\color{blue}{ 0 } }\ \ }$
$解:D区域对称, x + x^3 是奇函数,积分结果为0$

$5.设f(x, y)为连续函数,则\iint_{x^2 \leq y \leq 1} xyf(x^2 + y^2)d\sigma = \underline{\ \ {\color{blue}{0} } \ \ }$
$解:\\ y \geq x^2 \leq 0, -1 \leq x \leq 1,D关于y轴对称 \\ F(x, y) = xyf(x^2 + y^2)\\ F(-x, y) = -xyf(x^2 + y^2) = -f(x, y),关于x为奇函数 \\ 积分等于0$

(三)解答题
$1.计算\iint_D(x^2 + y)dxdy,其中D是由曲线y = x^2\\ 与y^2 = x围成的平面区域$
$解:\\ 解得方程y = x^2, y^2 = x的交点(0, 0), (1, 1)\\ D: 0 \leq x \leq 1, x^2 \leq y \leq \sqrt{x} \\ \iint_D(x^2 + y)dxdy \\ = \int_0^1 dx \int_{x^2}^{\sqrt{x}} (x^2 + y) dy \\ = \int_0^1 [x^2y + \dfrac{1}{2}y^2] _ {x^2}^{\sqrt{x}} dx \\ = \int_0^1 [x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \dfrac{1}{2}x - \dfrac{3}{2}x^4] dx \\ = [\dfrac{2}{7}x^{\frac{7}{2}} + \dfrac{1}{4}x^2 - \dfrac{3}{10}x^5]_0^1 \\ = \dfrac{33}{140}$

$2.计算\iint_D \dfrac{y}{x}dxdy,其中D是有直线y = x, \\ y = 2x, x = 2及x = 4围成的平面区域$
$解:\\ D: 2 \leq x \leq 4, x \leq y \leq 2x; \\ \iint_D \dfrac{y}{x}dxdy \\ = \int_2^4 dx \int_x^{2x} \dfrac{y}{x} dy \\ = \int_2^4 [\dfrac{y^2}{2x}]_x^{2x}dx \\ = \int_2^4 \dfrac{3x}{2} dx \\ = [\dfrac{3}{4}x^2]_2^4 \\ = 9$

$3.计算\iint_D x^2ydxdy,其中D是由曲线xy = 1, \\ y = \sqrt{x}, x = 2所围成的平面区域$
$解:\\ D: 1 \leq x \leq 2, \dfrac{1}{x} \leq y \leq \sqrt{x}; \\ \iint_D x^2ydxdy \\ = \int_1^2 dx \int_{\frac{1}{x}}^{\sqrt{x}} x^2y dy \\ = \int_1^2 [\dfrac{1}{2}x^2y^2] _ {\frac{1}{x}}^{\sqrt{x}} dx \\ = \int_1^2 [\dfrac{1}{2}x^3 - \dfrac{1}{2}] dx \\ = [\dfrac{1}{8}x^4 - \dfrac{1}{2}x]_1^2 \\ = \dfrac{11}{8}$

$4.计算\iint_D(x^2 + y^2)dxdy,其中D是由曲线\\ y = x^2与y = x围成的平面区域$
$解:\\ D: 0 \leq x \leq 1, x^2 \leq y \leq x; \\ \iint_D(x^2 + y^2)dxdy \\ = \int_0^1 dx \int_{x^2}^{x} (x^2 + y^2) dy \\ = \int_0^1 [x^2y + \dfrac{1}{3}y^3]_{x^2}^{x} dx \\ = \int_0^1 [\dfrac{4}{3}x^3 - x^4 - \dfrac{1}{3}x^6] dx \\ = [\dfrac{1}{3}x^4 - \dfrac{1}{5}x^5 - \dfrac{1}{21}x^7]_0^1 \\ = \dfrac{3}{35}$

$5.计算\iint_D x^2y dxdy,其中D是由曲线 x^2 + y^2 = 2, \\ y = x及y轴围成的在第一象限内的区域.$
$解:\\ D的极坐标区域: \dfrac{\pi}{4} \leq \theta \leq \dfrac{\pi}{2}, 0 \leq r \leq \sqrt{2}; \\ \iint_D x^2y dxdy \\ = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} d\theta \int_0^{\sqrt{2}} (r\cos{\theta})^2 r\sin{\theta} r dr \\ = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2{\theta} \sin{\theta} d\theta \int_0^{\sqrt{2}} r^4 dr \\ = \int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{5}\cos^2{\theta} \sin{\theta} d\theta \\ = -\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{5}\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2{\theta} d \cos{\theta} \\ = -\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{5}[\dfrac{1}{3}\cos^3{\theta}]_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \\ = \dfrac{2}{15}$

$6.计算二重积分I = \iint_D f(x, y)dxdy,其中D为x^2 + y^2 \leq 4,$
$f(x, y) = \left \{ \begin{array}{l} 1, x^2 + y^2 \leq 1, \\ xy^2, 1 \leq x^2 + y^2 \leq 4. \end{array} \right.$
$解:\\ 极坐标区域D_1: 0 \leq \theta \leq 2\pi, 0 \leq r \leq 1; \\ 极坐标区域D_2:0 \leq \theta \leq 2\pi, 1 \leq r \leq 2; \\ I = \iint_D f(x, y)dxdy \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_0^1 rdr + \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_1^2 r\cos{\theta} (r\sin{\theta})^2 rdr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} \dfrac{1}{2} d\theta + \int_0^{2\pi} \cos{\theta}\sin^2{\theta} [\dfrac{1}{5}r^5]_1^2 d\theta \\ = \pi + \dfrac{31}{5}\int_0^{2\pi} \sin^2{\theta} d\sin{\theta} \\ = \pi + \dfrac{31}{5}[\dfrac{1}{3} \sin^3{\theta}]_0^{2\pi} \\ = \pi$

$7.计算\iint_D(x - 3y^2)dxdy, 其中D为0 \leq x \leq 2, 1 \leq y \leq 2$
$解:\\ \iint_D(x - 3y^2)dxdy \\ = \int_0^2 dx \int_1^2 (x - 3y^2)dy \\ = \int_0^2 [xy - y^3]_1^2 dx \\ = \int_0^2 [x - 7] dx \\ = [\dfrac{1}{2}x^2 - 7x]_0^2 \\ = -12$

$8.计算\iint_D y\sin{xy} d\sigma,其中D为1 \leq x \leq 2, 0 \leq y \leq \pi$
$解:\\ \iint_D y\sin{xy} \\ = \int_0^{\pi} dy\int_1^2 y\sin{xy} dx \\ = \int_0^{\pi} dy\int_1^2 d(-\cos{xy}) \\ = \int_0^{\pi} [-\cos{xy}]_1^2 dy \\ = \int_0^{\pi} [\cos{y} -\cos{2y}] dy \\ = [\sin{y} - \dfrac{1}{2}\sin{2y}]_0^{\pi} \\ = 0$

$9.计算\iint_D e^{-(x^2 + y^2)}d\sigma, 其中D为1 \leq x^2 + y^2 \leq 4$
$解:\\ 极坐标区域D: 0 \leq \theta \leq 2\pi, 1 \leq r \leq 2;\\ \iint_D e^{-(x^2 + y^2)}d\sigma \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_1^2 e^{-[(r\cos{theta})^2 + (r\sin{\theta})^2]} rdr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_1^2 e^{-r^2} rdr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} [-\dfrac{1}{2}e^{-r^2}]_1^2 d\theta \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} [\dfrac{1}{2}e^{-1} -\dfrac{1}{2}e^{-4} ]d\theta \\ = (e^{-1} - e^{-4} ) \pi$

$10.计算\iint_D \dfrac{d\sigma}{\sqrt{4 - x^2 - y^2}},其中D为x^2 + y^2 \leq 1$
$解:\\ 极坐标区域D: 0 \leq \theta \leq 2\pi, 0 \leq r \leq 1; \\ \iint_D \dfrac{d\sigma}{\sqrt{4 - x^2 - y^2}} \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_0^1 \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ 4 - [(r\cos{\theta})^2 + (r\sin{\theta})^2]}}r dr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_0^1 \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ 4 - r^2}}r dr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_0^1 [-\dfrac{1}{2}(4 - r^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}] d(4 - r^2) \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} [-(4 - r^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}]_0^1 d\theta \\ = [(2 - \sqrt{3}) \theta]_0^{2\pi} \\ = 2(2 - \sqrt{3}) \pi$

$11.计算\iint_D \ln(x^2 + y^2)dxdy, 其中D为 1 \leq x^2 + y^2 \leq 2$
$解:\\ 极坐标区域D: 0 \leq \theta \leq 2\pi, 1 \leq r \leq \sqrt{2}; \\ \iint_D \ln(x^2 + y^2)dxdy \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_1^{\sqrt{2}} \ln[(r\cos{\theta})^2 + (r\sin{\theta})^2] \cdot rdr \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_1^{\sqrt{2}} (\ln{r}) dr^2 \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} \lbrace [r^2\ln r]_1^{\sqrt{2}} - \int_1^{\sqrt{2}} r^2 d\ln{r} \rbrace d\theta \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} \lbrace [2\ln {\sqrt{2}} - \int_1^{\sqrt{2}} r dr \rbrace d\theta \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} \lbrace [2\ln {\sqrt{2}} - [\dfrac{1}{2}r^2]_1^{\sqrt{2}} \rbrace d\theta \\ = \int_0^{2\pi} [2\ln {\sqrt{2}} - \dfrac{1}{2} ] d\theta \\ = [(2\ln {\sqrt{2}} - \dfrac{1}{2}) \theta ]_0^{2\pi} \\ = (\ln {4} - 1) \pi$