JSON文件解析

1.json模块

• (1).把python对象编码成json数据格式
  
  • dumps函数，编码python对象
  • json.dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True,check_circular=True,\\
allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, default=None, **kw)
  • dump函数，把对象写入.json文件中
  • json.dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True,check_circular=True,\\
allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, default=None, **kw)
• (2).解析json数据格式
  
  • 把json格式的对象解析成python对象
  • json.loads(s, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None,parse_float=None,\\
parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw)
  • 加载.json文件，并解析成python对象
  • json.load(fp, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None,\\
parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw)

2.示例

• 2.1 各个函数使用示例

  
  ###dumps函数的使用
  
  >>>import json
  >>>s={"c": 0, "b": 0, "a": 0}
  >>>type(s)
  dict
  >>>s1=json.dumps(s)
  >>>type(s1)
  str
  
  >>> print(json.dumps({"c": 0, "b": 0, "a": 0}, sort_keys=True))
  {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0}
  >>> print(json.dumps([1,2,3,{'4': 5, '6': 7}], separators=(',', ':')))
  [1,2,3,{"4":5,"6":7}]
  >>> print(json.dumps({'4': 5, '6': 7}, sort_keys=True, indent=4))
  {
      "4": 5,
      "6": 7
  }
  
  ###loads函数的使用
  
  >>> json.loads('["foo", {"bar":["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]')
  ['foo', {'bar': ['baz', None, 1.0, 2]}]
  >>> json.loads('"\\"foo\\bar"')
  u'"foo\x08ar'
  
  >>> def as_complex(dct):#指定解码方式
  ...     if '__complex__' in dct:
  ...         return complex(dct['real'], dct['imag'])
  ...     return dct
  ...
  >>> json.loads('{"__complex__": true, "real": 1, "imag": 2}',
  ...     object_hook=as_complex)
  (1+2j)
  >>> import decimal
  >>> json.loads('1.1', parse_float=decimal.Decimal)
  Decimal('1.1')

  • 2.2实战
    

    
    #给定输入的JSON文件，把其中的数字对象用0替换，列表对象用[]替换，字符串对象用“”替换，即
    
    jsonFile =
    """
    {
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "command": "c:python",
      "args": ["app.py"],
      "problemMatcher": {
          "fileLocation": ["relative", "${workspaceRoot}"],
          "pattern": {
              "regexp": "^(.*)+s$",
              "message": 1
          }
      }
    }
    """
    
    #输出为
    
    buildCommand(jsonFile) =
    """
    {
      "version": "",
      "command": "",
      "args": [],
      "problemMatcher": {
          "fileLocation": [],
          "pattern": {
              "regexp": "",
              "message": 0
          }
      }
    }
    """
    
    ####由于在loads的时候，缺省的object_pairs_hook会改变原来键的顺序，因此
    
    
    ####这里使用了collection模块中的OrderedDict，
    
    
    ####示例代码如下
    
    import json
    from collections import OrderedDict
    def isNum(value):
      try:
          value + 1
      except TypeError:
          return False
      else:
          return True
    
    def setCommand(jf):
      for k,v in jf.items():
          if type(v)==OrderedDict:
              setCommand(v)
          if type(v)==list:
              jf[k]=[]
          if isinstance(v,unicode):
              jf[k]=""
          if isNum(v):
              jf[k]=0
      jf=json.dumps(jf)
      return jf
    
    def buildCommand(jsonFile):
      jf=json.loads(jsonFile,object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)
      jstr=setCommand(jf)
      return jstr

---

refer

[1] https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/json.html

[2] http://python3-cookbook.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/c06/p02_read-write_json_data.html