《C++Primer》之——拷贝控制（一）：基础知识

1. 拷贝控制成员

五个用来控制拷贝控制操作的类的成员函数：析构函数、拷贝构造函数/拷贝赋值运算符、移动构造函数/移动赋值运算符
｛挨个介绍：

1. 形式
2. 完成的操作
3. 定义时注意事项（noexcept等）
4. 在用户代码中，何时调用哪个（测试代码）
   ｝

2. 合成版本的拷贝控制成员

五个拷贝控制成员，一定情况下，编译器会自动合成默认的版本：合成析构函数、合成拷贝构造函数/合成拷贝赋值运算符、合成移动构造函数/合成移动赋值运算符
｛挨个介绍：

1. 默认的操作语义（内置类型的移动、标准库类型的移动：测试代码）
2. 何时会提供合成的版本
3. 怎样强制让他合成（default）
4. 怎样强制让他不合成（delete）
   ｝

3. swap与赋值运算符

｛

1. 交换操作（swap、std::swap）
2. 拷贝并交换（拷贝赋值运算符）
3. 移动并交换（移动赋值运算符）
4. 移动/拷贝赋值运算符的统一实现
   ｝

4. 左值、右值，左值引用、右值引用

左值、右值：
｛

1. 什么意思；
2. 哪些是左值哪些是右值；
3. 特征。
   ｝

左值引用、右值引用：
{

1. 什么意思；
2. 干啥用的；
3. 其他
   ｝

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附：测试代码

class Foo2 {
public:
    Foo2(int a, int b, string c = "") :x(a), y(b), s(string(c)), ps(new string(c)) { cout << "构造函数"<<x << endl; }
    Foo2(const Foo2&);
    Foo2& operator=(const Foo2&) = default;
    Foo2(Foo2&&) noexcept;
    Foo2& operator=(Foo2&&) noexcept = default;
    ~Foo2();

    int x = 42;
    int y = 12;
    string s;
    string* ps;
};
Foo2::Foo2(const Foo2& f) :x(f.x), y(f.y), s(f.s),ps(new string(*f.ps))
{
    cout << "拷贝构造函数" << x << endl;
}
Foo2::Foo2(Foo2&& f) noexcept:x(std::move(f.x)), y(std::move(f.y)), s(std::move(f.s))
{
    ps = f.ps;
    f.ps = nullptr;
    cout << "移动构造函数" << x << endl;
}

Foo2::~Foo2()
{
    delete ps;
    cout << "析构函数" << x << endl;
}

Foo2 func(Foo2 f) {

    return f;
}

int main()
{
    Foo2 fv1 = func(Foo2(11, 12, "g"));
    cout << "==========" << endl;
    Foo2 fv2 = func(std::move(Foo2(13, 14, "g")));
    cout << "==========" << endl;

    Foo2 v2(26, 12, "s");
    cout << "7:" << v2.x << "," << v2.y << "," << v2.s << "," << *v2.ps << endl;//26,12,s,s
    Foo2 mv2(std::move(v2));//移动构造函数
    cout << "8:" << v2.x <<","<< v2.y << "," << v2.s << "," << v2.ps << endl;//26,12,,00000000
    cout << "9:" << mv2.x << "," << mv2.y << "," << mv2.s << "," << *mv2.ps << endl;//26,12,s,s
    mv2.x = 10; mv2.y = 20; mv2.s = "a"; *mv2.ps = "a";
    cout << "10:" << v2.x << "," << v2.y << "," << v2.s << "," << v2.ps << endl;//26,12,,00000000 //指针移动只移动指针本身的值，同其他内置类型一样
    cout << "11:" << mv2.x << "," << mv2.y << "," << mv2.s << "," << *mv2.ps << endl;//10,20,a,a

    cout << "==========" << endl;
    Foo2 fv3 = func(mv2);
    cout << "==========" << endl;

	/*再测试一次v2和mv2是否因为func调用而改变*/
    cout << "10:" << v2.x << "," << v2.y << "," << v2.s << "," << v2.ps << endl;//26,12,,00000000 
    cout << "11:" << mv2.x << "," << mv2.y << "," << mv2.s << "," << *mv2.ps << endl;//10,20,a,a
    
/*验证内置类型的移动*/
	int i = 1;
    int j(i);
    int k(std::move(i));
    cout << i << j << k << endl;
    k = 2;
    cout << i << j << k << endl;
    i = 3;
    cout << i << j << k << endl;
/*验证标准库类型的移动*/
    string s = "abc";
    string ss(std::move(s));
    cout << s << endl;//s置为空
    cout << ss << endl;//ss存着原来s中的字符

    vector<int> vec(10, 1);
    for (auto v : vec)
        cout << v;
    cout << endl;
    vector<int> vec2(std::move(vec));
    for (auto v : vec)
        cout << v;
    cout << endl;
    for (auto v : vec2)
        cout << v;
    cout << endl;
    

    return 0;
}

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