STM32使用串口空闲中断接收不定长数据帧-USART_IT_IDLE使用（不使用DMA方式）

前言

最近在使用STM32的HAL库的时候，发现竟然没有集成IDLE中断处理，本身写的HAL库处理逻辑就挺繁琐，效率又不高，还缺胳膊少腿的。平时项目中的串口接收数据都是不定长的，而IDLE中断在这一块作用是非常大的，可以大大简化数据接收过程的判断。本文将介绍基于HAL库IDLE中断接收不定长数据。

串口空闲中断介绍

STM32的IDLE的中断在串口无数据接收的情况下，是不会一直产生的，产生的条件是这样的，当清除IDLE标志位后，必须有接收到第一个数据后，才开始触发，一断接收的数据断流，没有接收到数据，即产生IDLE中断。IDLE位不会再次被置高直到RXNE位被置起（即又检测到一次空闲总线）。RXNE接收中断可以不用开启，减少进中断的次数。

USART_IT_IDLE中断，是串口收到一帧数据后，发生的中断，也可以叫做一包数据。

USART_IT_IDLE和USART_IT_RXNE区别
当接收到1个字节，会产生USART_IT_RXNE中断
当接收到一帧数据，就会产生USART_IT_IDLE中断

注意：串口空闲中断在MDK纯软件仿真模式下，是无法进入串口空闲中断的，必须借助真实的硬件环境（如STM32开发板等）。

清中断方法

//USART_IT_RXNE
__HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE); //清楚接收中断

//USART_IT_IDLE
//一帧数据接收完成，清除空闲中断标志（否则会一直不断进入中断）
__HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);

串口中断处理函数

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    uint8_t res = 0;
    /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 */
    //接收中断
    if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
        HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, &res, 1, 1000);
        //将数据放入缓冲区
        if(rxConut < RX_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
            aRxBuffer[rxConut] = res;
            rxConut++;
        }
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE); //清楚接收中断
    }

    //空闲中断
    if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE) != RESET) //接收中断(接收到的一帧数据)
    {
        bFlagOneFrame = true;
        rxConut = 0;
        //一帧数据接收完成，清除空闲中断标志（否则会一直不断进入中断）
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);
    }

    /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */
}

串口中断用到的全局变量定义

#define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 256
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE]; //串口中断接收缓冲区
uint16_t rxConut = 0; //串口中断接收个数
bool bFlagOneFrame = false; //判断一帧数据是否接收完成

串口初始化（使能接收中断、空闲中断）

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1,UART_IT_RXNE);//接收中断
  __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1,UART_IT_IDLE);//空闲中断

}

使用举例

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "cmd_queue.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
char *strJSON; //打包成功调用cJSON_Print打印输出
cJSON *objJson;
float f1;
char *json_string = "{\"SV\":60,\"KP\":5.0,\"KI\":100,\"KD\":300}";
#define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 256
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE];
uint16_t rxConut = 0;
bool bFlagOneFrame = false;
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/**
  * @brief This function handles USART1 global interrupt.
  */
uint8_t ucTemp;
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    uint8_t res = 0;
    /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 */
    //接收中断
    if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
        HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, &res, 1, 1000);
        //将数据放入缓冲区
        if(rxConut < RX_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
            aRxBuffer[rxConut] = res;
            rxConut++;
        }
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE); //清楚接收中断
    }

    //空闲中断
    if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE) != RESET) //接收中断(接收到的一帧数据)
    {
        bFlagOneFrame = true;
        rxConut = 0;
        //一帧数据接收完成，清除空闲中断标志（否则会一直不断进入中断）
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);
    }

    /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */
}


void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef * huart)
{

}
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
void test_cjson(void);
void cJsonQueParse(char *str);
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

    /* USER CODE END 1 */


    /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

    /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
    HAL_Init();

    /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

    /* USER CODE END Init */

    /* Configure the system clock */
    SystemClock_Config();

    /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

    /* USER CODE END SysInit */

    /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_USART1_UART_Init();
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
    queue_reset();
    /* USER CODE END 2 */

    /* Infinite loop */
    /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
    while (1)
    {
        //test_cjson();
        //    HAL_Delay(100);
        if(true == bFlagOneFrame)
        {
            cJsonQueParse((char *)aRxBuffer);
            //rxConut = 0;
            bFlagOneFrame = false;
            //queue_reset();
        }
    }
    /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

    /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
    */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
    */
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

    if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

void cJsonQueParse(char *str)
{
    //cJSON* cjson = cJSON_Parse(json_string);   //将JSON字符串转换成JSON结构体
    cJSON* cjson = cJSON_Parse((const char *)str);   //将JSON字符串转换成JSON结构体
    if(cjson == NULL)
    {
        printf("cjson parse error...\r\n");
    }
    else
    {
        char *json_data = cJSON_PrintUnformatted(cjson); //JSON数据结构转换为JSON字符串
        printf("%s\n",json_data);//输出字符串

        printf("/*********************以下就是提取的数据**********************/\n");
        double fSV = cJSON_GetObjectItem(cjson,"SV")->valuedouble;  //解析浮点型
        printf("SV: %.4f\n",fSV);
        double fKP = cJSON_GetObjectItem(cjson,"KP")->valuedouble;  //解析浮点型
        printf("KP: %.4f\n",fKP);
        double fKI = cJSON_GetObjectItem(cjson,"KI")->valuedouble;  //解析浮点型
        printf("KI: %.4f\n",fKI);
        double fKD = cJSON_GetObjectItem(cjson,"KD")->valuedouble;  //解析浮点型
        printf("KD: %.4f\n",fKD);

//释放内存
        free(json_data);
        cJSON_Delete(cjson); //清楚结构体
    }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void test_cjson(void)
{
    double  grade[4]= {66.51,118.52,61.53,128.54};
    int     time[4]= {123,456,789,150};

    cJSON *measurements = cJSON_CreateObject();             //创建一个对象

    cJSON_AddStringToObject(measurements,"AAA","26.55666");     //添加字符串
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(measurements,"BBB",13);         //添加整型数字
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(measurements,"CCC",13.55666);  //添加浮点型数字
    cJSON_AddFalseToObject(measurements,"gender");          //添加逻辑值false
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(measurements,"status","0x8000");        //添加字符串


    cJSON *item1 = cJSON_CreateObject();            //创建一个对象
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(item1,"item1_string","China"); //添加字符串
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(item1,"item1_num",2021); //添加整型数字
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(measurements,"item1",item1);

    objJson = cJSON_GetObjectItem(measurements, "AAA");
    f1 = strtod(objJson->valuestring, NULL);

    char *json_data = cJSON_PrintUnformatted(measurements); //JSON数据结构转换为JSON字符串
    printf("%s\n",json_data);//输出字符串
    free(json_data);
    cJSON_Delete(measurements);//清除结构体

}

/* USER CODE END 4 */
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
    uint8_t temp[1]= {ch};
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,2);        //UartHandle是串口的句柄
}

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
    /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

    /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
    /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
       tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
    /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

测试结果

资料来源：
https://www.cnblogs.com/ZzJan/p/13530768.html

https://blog.csdn.net/zhangxuechao_/article/details/79126474

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42263055/article/details/114852446