opencv图像视频操作

视频显示操作

img = cv2.imread('1.png')
(x,y) = img.shape[0:2]
cv2.imshow('img',img)

摄像读取保存

1.视频读取

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while cap.isOpened():
    ret,frame = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow('img', frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) &0xFF == ord('q'):
         break

2.视频保存

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
four=cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID') #XVID的编码格式
out=cv2.VideoWriter('output1.avi',four,20,(640,640))
while cap.isOpened():
    ret,frame = cap.read()
    if ret == True:
        out.write(frame)  # 写入文件，即保留视频
        cv2.imshow('img', frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) &0XFF== ord('q'):
            break
            cap.release()
            out.release()
    else:
        break
        cap.release()
        out.release()

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

图像通道数转换和掩模形成

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while cap.isOpened():
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    hsv=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    lower_blue=np.array([78,43,46])   # 蓝色的下阈值
    upper_blue=np.array([99,255,255])   # 蓝色的下阈值
    mask=cv2.inRange(hsv,lower_blue,upper_blue)  # 形成掩模图像
    res=cv2.bitwise_and(frame,frame,mask)  #掩模图像与原图像进行逻辑与操作
    cv2.resizeWindow('frame',480,480)
    cv2.resizeWindow('mask', 480, 480)
    cv2.resizeWindow('res', 480, 480)
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    cv2.imshow('mask',mask)
    cv2.imshow('res',res)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
        cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

图像变换

1.旋转变换

img = cv2.imread('1.png')

cv2.imshow('1img',img)
#对图像旋转变换矩阵
(x,y) = img.shape[0:2]
M=cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((int(x/2.0),int(y/2.0)),45,1)  #最后一位为缩放因子
out=cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(x,y))
#cv2.namedWindow('img',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
#cv2.resizeWindow('img',int(x/3.0),int(y/3.0))
cv2.imshow('img',out)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.仿射变换
仿射变换属于非刚性变换，变换前后图片大小和形状会发生改变，不变的是图像中图像的位置关系
如，原图像中平行的线段，仿射变换之后依然平行

#图像的仿射变换需要三个点
img = cv2.imread('1.png')
(x,y) = img.shape[0:2]
cv2.imshow('1img',img)
pst1=np.float32([[50,50],[200,50],[50,200]])
pst2=np.float32([[10,100],[200,50],[150,200]])
#生成仿射变换矩阵
M=cv2.getAffineTransform(pst1,pst2)
out=cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(x,y))
cv2.namedWindow('out',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.imshow('out',out)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

灰度变换

1.固定阈值

img = cv2.imread('1.png')
cv2.imshow('1img',img)
#将图像转换为灰度图
grey=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv2.imshow('grey',grey)
#阈值判断进行二值化
ret ,thresh= cv2.threshold(grey,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY) #cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值就把值设置成255
ret1 ,thresh1= cv2.threshold(grey,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV) #cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值就把值设置成255
cv2.imshow('binary',thresh)
cv2.imshow('no_binary',thresh1)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.自适应阈值

cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while cap.isOpened():
    ret,frame=cap.read()
    cv2.imshow('original',frame)
    #灰度转换
    grey=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    #v2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C为领域内均值自适应
    #cv2.THRESH_BINARY，二值化形式，超过阈值（这里阈值是自适应的）就把他maxval
    bianary=cv2.adaptiveThreshold(grey,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
    cv2.imshow('bianary',bianary)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) &0XFF== ord('q'):
        break
        cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()