c++类和对象---运算符重载

概念：对已有的运算符进行重新定义，赋予其另一种功能，以适应不同的数据类型

1、加号运算符重载

class person
{
public:
	//成员函数重载+号
	/*person operator+(person &p)
	{
		person temp;
		temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
		temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
		return temp;
	}*/
	int m_A;
	int m_B;

};
//全局函数重载+号
person operator+(person &p1, person &p2)
{
	person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}
//运算符重载，可以发生函数重载
person operator+(person &p, int num)
{
	person temp;
	temp.m_A = p.m_A + num;
	temp.m_B = p.m_B + num;
	return temp;
}
void test01()
{
	person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 20;
	person p2;
	p2.m_A = 30;
	p2.m_B = 40;

	//成员函数重载本质调用
	//person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
	//全局函数重载本质调用
	person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);

	//person p3 = p1 + p2;
	cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;

	int a = 10;
	person p4 = p3 + a;
	cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

p3.m_A = 40
p3.m_B = 60
p4.m_A = 50
p4.m_B = 70
请按任意键继续. . .

总结1：对于内置的数据类型的表达式的运算符是不能改变的

总结2：不要滥用运算符重载

2、左移运算符重载‘<<’

class person
{
public:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	
};
//一般不用成员函数重载<<，用全局函数重载<<号
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, person &p)
{
	cout << "m_A= " << p.m_A << " m_B=" << p.m_B << endl;
	return cout;
}

void test01()
{
	person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 20;
	cout << p1 << endl;


}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3、重载递增运算符‘++’

class MyInteger
{
public:
	MyInteger()
	{
		m_A = 0;
	}
	//重载前置++运算符
	/*MyInteger & operator++()
	{
		m_A++;
		return *this;
	}*/
	//重载后置++运算符
	MyInteger operator++(int)
	{
		MyInteger temp = *this;
		m_A++;
		return temp;
	}
	int m_A;
	
	
};
//一般不用成员函数重载<<，用全局函数重载<<号
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &p)
{
	cout  << p.m_A << endl;
	return cout;
}

//void test01()
//{
//	MyInteger p1;
//	
//	cout << p1 << endl;
//	cout << ++p1 << endl;
//
//}
void test02()
{
	MyInteger p2;
	cout << p2 << endl;
	p2++;
	cout << p2 << endl;
}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4、赋值运算符重载

c++编译器至少给一个类添加四个函数

1、默认构造函数

2、默认析构函数

3、默认拷贝构造函数，对属性进行值拷贝 

4、赋值运算符operator=，对属性进行值拷贝

class person
{
public:
	person(int age)
	{
		m_age = new int(age);//在堆区开辟
	}
	~person()
	{
		if (m_age != NULL)//清空堆区
		{
			delete m_age;
			m_age = NULL;
		}
	}
	person & operator=(person &p)//重载=运算符
	{
		if (m_age != NULL)
		{
			delete m_age;
			m_age = NULL;
		}
		m_age = new int(*p.m_age);
		return *this;
	}
	int *m_age;
};
void test01()
{
	person p1(18);
	person p2(20);
	person p3(30);
	p3 = p2 = p1;//赋值操作
	cout << "age = " << *p1.m_age << endl;
	cout << "age = " << *p2.m_age << endl;
	cout << "age = " << *p3.m_age << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5、关系运算符重载

class person
{
public:
	person(string name, int age)
	{
		m_name = name;
		m_age = age;
	}
	
	bool operator==(person &p)
	{
		
		if (this->m_name == p.m_name && this->m_age == p.m_age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};
void test01()
{
	person p1("刘治", 18);
	person p2("mike", 18);
	if (p1 == p2)
	{
		cout << "p1和p2相等 " << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "p1和p2不想等" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6、函数调用运算符重载

• 函数调用运算符‘（）’也可以重载
• 由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用，因此成为仿函数
• 仿函数没有固定写法，非常灵活

class myPrint
{
public:
	void operator()(string test)
	{
		cout << test << endl;
	}
};
void test01()
{
	myPrint mp1;
	mp1("hello world");
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}