【Machine Learning】7.使用Scikit-Learn进行线性回归（2）一般方程的封闭解

基本同上节，但线性回归的拟合方式不同，这次不需要数据归一化和梯度下降，之前调的库sklearn.linear_model.SGDRegressor 和 sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler 没有派上用场，这次用到的是 sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression.

numpy文档
scikit-learn中文社区 某些翻译明显机翻
scikit-learn官方

1.导入

import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(precision=2)
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, SGDRegressor
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from lab_utils_multi import  load_house_data
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
dlblue = '#0096ff'; dlorange = '#FF9300'; dldarkred='#C00000'; dlmagenta='#FF40FF'; dlpurple='#7030A0'; 
plt.style.use('./deeplearning.mplstyle')

2.载入数据

导入数据

X_train = np.array([1.0, 2.0])   #features
y_train = np.array([300, 500])   #target value

3.拟合数据

创建LinearRegression（这里是与上一节最大的区别，使用的拟合方式不同）对象后使用fit函数拟合数据

linear_model = LinearRegression()
#X must be a 2-D Matrix
linear_model.fit(X_train.reshape(-1, 1), y_train) 

查看模型参数intercept_和coef_

b = linear_model.intercept_
w = linear_model.coef_
print(f"w = {w:}, b = {b:0.2f}")
print(f"'manual' prediction: f_wb = wx+b : {1200*w + b}")

w = [200.], b = 100.00
'manual' prediction: f_wb = wx+b : [240100.]

4.预测

库中提供了函数predict

y_pred = linear_model.predict(X_train.reshape(-1, 1))

print("Prediction on training set:", y_pred)

X_test = np.array([[1200]])
print(f"Prediction for 1200 sqft house: ${linear_model.predict(X_test)[0]:0.2f}")

5.第2个例子_多特征输入

5.1 载入数据

# load the dataset
X_train, y_train = load_house_data()
X_features = ['size(sqft)','bedrooms','floors','age']

5.2 拟合

linear_model = LinearRegression()
linear_model.fit(X_train, y_train) 

5.3 查看参数

b = linear_model.intercept_
w = linear_model.coef_
print(f"w = {w:}, b = {b:0.2f}")

w = [  0.27 -32.62 -67.25  -1.47], b = 220.42

5.4 预测

print(f"Prediction on training set:\n {linear_model.predict(X_train)[:4]}" )
print(f"prediction using w,b:\n {(X_train @ w + b)[:4]}")
print(f"Target values \n {y_train[:4]}")

x_house = np.array([1200, 3,1, 40]).reshape(-1,4)
x_house_predict = linear_model.predict(x_house)[0]
print(f" predicted price of a house with 1200 sqft, 3 bedrooms, 1 floor, 40 years old = ${x_house_predict*1000:0.2f}")


Prediction on training set:
 [295.18 485.98 389.52 492.15]
prediction using w,b:
 [295.18 485.98 389.52 492.15]
Target values 
 [300.  509.8 394.  540. ]
 predicted price of a house with 1200 sqft, 3 bedrooms, 1 floor, 40 years old = $318709.09