并发编程的辅助类(必会)

CountDownLatch

• 辅助减法计数器

package com.LYH_JUC;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class CountDownLatch_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 辅助减法计数器
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6);
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 已出房门");
                countDownLatch.countDown();  //计数器减1
            },String.valueOf(i+1)).start();
        }
        countDownLatch.await();   //阻塞当前main线程，直到计数器变为0，当前线程才会被唤醒继续往下执行，可能抛出InterruptedException异常
        System.out.println("所有人已出房门，关门！");
    }
}

CyclicBarrier

• “循环递增加法计数器”

package com.LYH_JUC;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrier_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         *  集齐七颗龙珠召唤神龙！
         */
        //召唤神龙的线程
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 召唤神龙成功!");
            }
        };
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,runnable);
        /*CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 召唤神龙成功!");
        });*/

        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            final int temp = i+1;  //或者 int temp=i+1; 也行lambda表达式里用的外部变量必须是final或者effectively final
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 收集了第"+temp+"龙珠");
                try {
                    cyclicBarrier.await();   //等待线程数变为7，才会继续执行runnable线程
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

注意：线程数一定要是计数器N的正整数倍或者说执行cyclicBarrier.await();的次数要是计数器N的正整数倍，否则程序会在最后一次循环计数中阻塞。

package com.LYH_JUC;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrier_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 召唤神龙成功!");
            }
        };
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,runnable);
        /*CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 召唤神龙成功!");
        });*/

        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            final int temp = i+1; 
            new Thread(()->{
                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < 2; i1++) {
                   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 收集了第"+temp+"龙珠");
                    try {
                        cyclicBarrier.await();   //执行这条语句每7次，就会执行runnable线程一次
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

            }).start();
        }
    }
}

Semaphore

 信号量：PV操作，共享资源互斥的使用，并发限流，控制最大线程数！

package com.LYH_JUC;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Semaphore_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //线程数量：3个停车位 限流问题
        Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);  //默认为不公平，若想要公平，semaphore = new Semaphore(3,true);
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();  //获得许可证
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 抢到车位！");
                    //System.out.println("-----当前估计的正在排队获得许可证的车数量: "+semaphore.getQueueLength());
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : 离开车位！");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    semaphore.release();  //归还许可证
                }

            }).start();
        }

    }
}