STM32cube HAL库两条命令实现i2c通信---Nucleo L476RG用I2C实现tmp117模块温度读取并串口打印

用stm32 cubemx默认配置i2c1和urart1，本例子是用硬件i2c非模拟i2c

  /* I2C1 GPIO Configuration    
    PB6     ------> I2C1_SCL
    PB7     ------> I2C1_SDA 
  * USART1 GPIO Configuration    
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX 
  */

在main.c修改如下
温度读取流程：
1.STM32向TMP1117发送一个写命令HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit，其中包含TMP117中温度寄存器的地址（地址0x00）的1个字节。
2.使用读取命令HAL_I2C_Master_Receive从 TMP117 读取 2 个字节。这 2 个字节将包含温度数据。

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
uint16_t count = 0;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
static const uint8_t TMP117_ADDR = 0x48 << 1;  // Use 8-bit address
//I2C从机的地址最低为是读写标志位,1表示读,0表示写,剩下七位表示从机地址
static const uint8_t REG_TEMP = 0x00;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
int fputc(int ch ,FILE *f)
{
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xffff);
	return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
  HAL_StatusTypeDef ret;
  uint8_t buf[12];
  int16_t val;
  float temp_c;
  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    // Tell TMP117 that we want to read from the temperature register
    buf[0] = REG_TEMP;
    ret = HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, TMP117_ADDR, buf, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);//buf为数组，同函数&可省略。
    if ( ret != HAL_OK ) {
      strcpy((char*)buf, "Error Tx\r\n");
    } else {
      // Read 2 bytes from the temperature register
      ret = HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, TMP117_ADDR, &buf[0], 2, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      if ( ret != HAL_OK ) 
      {
      strcpy((char*)buf, "Error Rx\r\n");
      } 
      else {
        //Combine the bytes
        val = ((int16_t)buf[0] << 8）| buf[1];
        // Convert to float temperature value (Celsius)
        temp_c = val * 0.0078125;
		printf("%d---Temp: %0.3f\r\n", count++, temp_c);
     }
    }
    // Send out buffer (temperature or error message)
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, buf, strlen((char*)buf), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
    // Wait
    HAL_Delay(1000);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/*I2C写数据的函数*/
 HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c, uint16_t DevAddress, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout);
 /*
I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c :就是设置的实例，比如I2C1 &hi2c1
uint16_t DevAddress ： 从机设备地址，比如0x48
uint8_t *pData :存放你要写的数据
uint16_t Size ：数据的大小
uint32_t Timeout ：最大的传输时间
例如
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1,0xA1,(uint8_t*)TxData,2,1000)
*/
/*I2C读数据的函数*/
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c, uint16_t DevAddress, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout);
/*
I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c ：就是设置的实例，比如I2C1 &hi2c1
uint16_t DevAddress ： 从机设备地址，比如0x48
uint8_t *pData :存放你要读的数据
uint16_t Size ：数据的大小
uint32_t Timeout ：最大的传输时间
*/

void HAL_IIC_WriteByte_ToSlave(uint8_t I2C_Command)
{
//  uint8_t  *pData;
//  pData = &I2C_Command;
  HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, TMP117_ADDR, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &I2C_Command, 1, 100);
}
void HALIIC_ReadByte_FromSlave(uint8_t *RXbuf)
{
  HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, TMP117_ADDR, reg, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, RXbuf, 1, 100);
}