设计模式：观察者模式

观察者模式

分析

定义：观察者模式定义对象间的一种一对多依赖关系，使得每个对象状态发生改变时，其相关依赖对象皆得到通知并被自动更新。

角色：

• Subject：被观察者，知道它的通知对象，事件发生后会通知所有它知道
  的对象，提供添加删除观察者的接口。
• Observer：提供通知后的更新事件
• ConcreteSubject：被观察者具体的实例，储存观察者感兴趣的状态
• ConcreteObserver：观察者的具体实现

案例：环境监测 报警器响+报警灯亮

//Subject 类
public abstract class SensorSubject {
private List<SensorObservers> list = new
ArrayList<SensorObservers>();
public void addObserver(SensorObservers observers){
list.add(observers);
}
public void deleteObserver(SensorObservers observers){
if(list.contains(observers))
list.remove(observers);
}
public List<SensorObservers> getObservers(){
return list;
}
public abstract void notifyObservers();
public abstract double getState();
public abstract void change(double randomNumber);
}

//Observer接口
public interface SensorObservers {
public void update(SensorSubject sensorSubject);
public void StatePrint();
}

//ConcreteSubject
public class Sensor extends SensorSubject{
private double state;
@Override
public void notifyObservers() {
for(SensorObservers o: getObservers()){
o.update(this);
}
}
@Override
public double getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(double state){
this.state = state;
}
@Override
public void change(double randomNumber) {
this.state = randomNumber;
notifyObservers();
if(state >= 50){
for(SensorObservers o : getObservers()){
o.StatePrint();
}
}
}
}

//ConcreteObserver
public class Alarm implements SensorObservers{
private double state;
@Override
public void update(SensorSubject sensorSubject) {
setState(sensorSubject.getState());
}
public double getState(){
return state;
}
public void setState(double state){
this.state = state;
}
public void StatePrint(){
System.out.println("报警器响了");
}
}
public class Lamp implements SensorObservers{
private double state;
@Override
public void update(SensorSubject sensorSubject) {
setState(sensorSubject.getState());
}
public double getState(){
return state;
}
public void setState(double state){
this.state = state;
}
public void StatePrint(){
System.out.println("报警灯响了");
}
}

在这里插入代码片//Client
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
Sensor sensor = new Sensor();
sensor.addObserver(new Lamp());
sensor.addObserver(new Alarm());
for(int i = 0;i < 10; i++){
System.out.printf("第%d次温度变化\n", i + 1);
double temp = Math.random() * 100;
sensor.change(temp);
}
}
}