实验拓扑图:
CE设备:AR4、AR5、AR6、AR7
PE设备:AR1、AR3
P设备:AR2
AR1的实例1:RD值1:1 、RT值入和出都是1:1
AR1的实例2:RD值3:3 、RT值入和出都是2:2
AR3的实例1:RD值2:2 、RT值入和出都是1:1
AR3的实例1:RD值4:4、RT值入和出都是2:2
四个站点的CE设备分别使用BGP、OSPF、静态路由、ISIS来进行私网路由的传递
----------------------------------------------MPSL VPN原理部分省略--------------------------------------------------
1、先配置接口IP地址
[ar4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ar4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[ar4]interface LoopBack 0
[ar4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.1 32
[ar6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ar6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.5.1 24
[ar6]interface LoopBack 0
[ar6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 32
[ar5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ar5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[ar5]interface LoopBack 0
[ar5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.1 32
[ar7]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ar7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.6.1 24
[ar7]interface LoopBack 0
[ar7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 32
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.5.2 24
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.6.2 24
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 222.1.4.2 24
[ar3]interface LoopBack 0
[ar3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[ar2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 222.1.3.2 24
[ar2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 222.1.4.1 24
[ar2]interface LoopBack 0
[ar2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.2 24
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.3 24
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 222.1.3.1 24
[ar1]interface LoopBack 0
[ar1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
2、使用不同的路由协议配置各个站点的CE设备
[ar4]bgp 400
[ar4-bgp]peer 192.168.1.2 as-number 200
[ar4-bgp]peer 192.168.1.2 ebgp-max-hop
[ar4-bgp]network 172.16.1.1 32
[ar4-bgp]network 192.168.1.0 24
[ar5]ip route-static 192.168.6.0 24 192.168.1.3
[ar5]ip route-static 172.16.3.1 32 192.168.1.3
[ar6]ospf 6 router-id 6.6.6.6
[ar6-ospf-6]area 0.0.0.0
[ar6-ospf-6-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
[ar6-ospf-6-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
[ar7]isis 7
[ar7-isis-7]network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
[ar7-isis-7]is-level level-2
[ar7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]isis enable 7
[ar7]interface LoopBack 0
[ar7-LoopBack0]isis enable 7
3、配置中间的PE设备和VPN实例及绑定,RD值用来区分是哪个VPN用户发过来的私网路由,让私网路由变得全局唯一。RT值根据import和export来把私网流量转发到正确的私网用户,用来区分不同VPN用户。
[ar1]ip vpn-instance 1
[ar1-vpn-instance-1]route-distinguisher 1:1
[ar1-vpn-instance-1-af-ipv4]vpn-target 1:1
[ar1]ip vpn-instance 2
[ar1-vpn-instance-2]route-distinguisher 3:3
[ar1-vpn-instance-2-af-ipv4]vpn-target 2:2
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip binding vpn-instance 1 //接口绑定VPN实例后,IP地址会清除,需要重新配置一下IP地址
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.2 24
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip binding vpn-instance 2
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
[ar3]ip vpn-instance 1
[ar3-vpn-instance-1]route-distinguisher 2:2
[ar3-vpn-instance-1-af-ipv4]vpn-target 1:1
[ar3]ip vpn-instance 2
[ar3-vpn-instance-2]route-distinguisher 4:4
[ar3-vpn-instance-2-af-ipv4]vpn-target 2:2
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip binding vpn-instance 1
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.5.2 24
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip binding vpn-instance 2
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.6.2 24
4、配置VPN实例下的PE设备,使得CE设备下发的私网路由走VPN实例通道,不会在全局路由表显示
[ar1]bgp 200
[ar1-bgp]ipv4-family vpn-instance 1
[ar1-bgp-1]peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 400
[ar1-bgp-1]peer 192.168.1.1 ebgp-max-hop
[ar1]ip route-static vpn-instance 2 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1
[ar3]ospf 6 router-id 3.3.3.3 vpn-instance 1
[ar3-ospf-6]area 0.0.0.0
[ar3-ospf-6-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
[ar3]isis 7 vpn-instance 2
[ar3-isis-7]network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
[ar3-isis-7]is-level level-2
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]isis enable 7
5、配置中间PE和P设备使用OSPF来模拟公网互通
[ar1]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[ar1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[ar1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 222.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
[ar1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[ar2]ospf 1 router-id 22.22.22.22
[ar2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[ar2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 222.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
[ar2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 222.1.4.0 0.0.0.255
[ar2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[ar3]ospf 1 router-id 33.33.33.33
[ar3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[ar3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 222.1.4.0 0.0.0.255
[ar3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
6、配置中间PE和P设备使用MPLS动态模式进行标签代替路由在公网实现快速转发,(由LDP生成外层标签)
[ar1]mpls lsr-id 1.1.1.1
[ar1]mpls
[ar1]mpls ldp
[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]mpls ldp
[ar2]mpls lsr-id 2.2.2.2
[ar2]mpls
[ar2]mpls ldp
[ar2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
[ar2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls
[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]mpls ldp
[ar3]mpls lsr-id 3.3.3.3
[ar3]mpls
[ar3]mpls ldp
[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls
[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]mpls ldp
7、配置中间PE设备使用MP-BGP来传递CE和公网之间的路由,(由MP-BGP生成内层标签)
[ar1]bgp 200
[ar1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200
[ar1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[ar1-bgp]ipv4-family vpnv4
[ar1-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 3.3.3.3 enable
[ar3]bgp 200
[ar3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 200
[ar3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[ar3-bgp]ipv4-family vpnv4
[ar3-bgp-af-vpnv4]peer 1.1.1.1 enable
8、配置中间PE设备在VPN实例下和两端CE设备进行路由的互相引入
BGP 不用引入
[ar1]bgp 200
[ar1-bgp]ipv4-family vpn-instance 2
[ar1-bgp-2]import-route direct
[ar1-bgp-2]import-route static
[ar3]bgp 200
[ar3-bgp]ipv4-family vpn-instance 1
[ar3-bgp-1]import-route ospf 6
[ar3]bgp 200
[ar3-bgp]ipv4-family vpn-instance 2
[ar3-bgp-2]import-route isis 7
[ar3]ospf 6 vpn-instance 1
[ar3-ospf-6]import-route bgp 200
[ar3]isis 7 vpn-instance 2
[ar3-isis-7]import-route bgp
9、查看命令:
[ar1]dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
//可以发现AR1路由表传递2个路由,
一个vpnv4路由,一个vpn-instence x路由,都不是普通的路由
vpnv4路由和普通路由区别是vpnv4路由可以携带RD和RT值,普通路由没法携带。
有RD和RT才能判断私网传递的方向
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 9
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 172.16.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 0 400i
*> 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 0 0 400i
Route Distinguisher: 2:2
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 172.16.2.1/32 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ?
*>i 192.168.5.0 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
Route Distinguisher: 3:3
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 172.16.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*> 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*> 192.168.1.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
Route Distinguisher: 4:4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 172.16.3.1/32 3.3.3.3 10 100 0 ?
*>i 192.168.6.0 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
VPN-Instance 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1:
Total Number of Routes: 4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 172.16.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 0 400i
*>i 172.16.2.1/32 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ?
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 0 0 400i
*>i 192.168.5.0 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
VPN-Instance 2, Router ID 1.1.1.1:
Total Number of Routes: 5
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 172.16.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 172.16.3.1/32 3.3.3.3 10 100 0 ?
*> 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*> 192.168.1.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 192.168.6.0 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
[ar1]dis ip routing-table vpn-instance 1 //查看VPN实例1路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: 1
Destinations : 5 Routes : 5
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
172.16.1.1/32 EBGP 255 0 RD 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[ar1]dis ip routing-table vpn-instance 2 //查看VPN实例2路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: 2
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
172.16.1.1/32 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
172.16.3.1/32 IBGP 255 10 RD 3.3.3.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.6.0/24 IBGP 255 0 RD 3.3.3.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
10、实验效果:
左边的CE站点AR4可以ping通右边的CE站点AR6,
左边的CE站点AR5可以ping通右边的CE站点AR7,
实现私网路由的互通
[ar4]ping 172.16.2.1
[ar4]ping 192.168.5.1
[ar5]ping 172.16.3.1
[ar5]ping 192.168.6.1