【zer0pts CTF 2022】 Anti-Fermat（p、q生成不当)

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已于 2022-05-10 15:46:35 修改

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分类专栏：密码文章标签：密码学

于 2022-04-18 19:30:14 首次发布

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本文探讨了如何利用两种方法对抗Fermat密钥生成：一是通过求近似值逼近素数p和q的关系，二是通过爆破法缩小p^((1<<1024)-1)与q的差距。通过实例展示了如何使用Python库进行计算并最终解密隐藏的flag。

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题目源码

from Crypto.Util.number import isPrime, getStrongPrime
from gmpy import next_prime
from secret import flag

# Anti-Fermat Key Generation
p = getStrongPrime(1024)
q = next_prime(p ^ ((1<<1024)-1))
n = p * q
e = 65537

# Encryption
m = int.from_bytes(flag, 'big')
assert m < n
c = pow(m, e, n)

print('n = {}'.format(hex(n)))
print('c = {}'.format(hex(c)))

#n = 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
#c = 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

由两种方法，一种是求近似值，一种是爆破，我们先看求近似值的：

一、

p是p^((1<<1024)-1)的下一个素数

由异或性质得：

如果a>b,，且a为0b1111111111(二进制全为1）,那么a^b=a-b

所以((1<<1024)-1)^p=(1<<1024-1)-p

设p^((1<<1024)-1)的下一个素数与p^((1<<1024)-1)相差r

则q=(1<<1024-1)-p+r

得到p+q=1<<1024-1+r

p+q $\approx$ 1<<1024

将p+q带入上式，得到p-q

两式相加除以二得到p的近似值

向后爆破知道取得n%p==0

from Crypto.Util.number import *
import gmpy2
n= 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
c = 0x60160bfed79384048d0d46b807322e65c037fa90fac9fd08b512a3931b6dca2a745443a9b90de2fa47aaf8a250287e34563e6b1a6761dc0ccb99cb9d67ae1c9f49699651eafb71a74b097fc0def77cf287010f1e7bd614dccfb411cdccbb84c60830e515c05481769bd95e656d839337d430db66abcd3a869c6348616b78d06eb903f8abd121c851696bd4cb2a1a40a07eea17c4e33c6a1beafb79d881d595472ab6ce3c61d6d62c4ef6fa8903149435c844a3fab9286d212da72b2548f087e37105f4657d5a946afd12b1822ceb99c3b407bb40e21163c1466d116d67c16a2a3a79e5cc9d1f6a1054d6be6731e3cd19abbd9e9b23309f87bfe51a822410a62
e=65537
t1=1<<1024
p=(2**1024+gmpy2.iroot((2**1024)**2-4*n,2)[0])//2
p=int(p)
while n%p!=0:
    p=gmpy2.next_prime(p)
q=n//p
phi=(p-1)*(q-1)
d=gmpy2.invert(e,phi)
m=pow(c,d,n)
print(long_to_bytes(m))
#b'Good job! Here is the flag:\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n| zer0pts{F3rm4t,y0ur_m3th0d_n0_l0ng3r_w0rks.y0u_4r3_f1r3d} |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+'

二、爆破p^((1<<2=1024)-1)和q的差

因为q和p^((1<<2=1024)-1)的下一个素数，故两者相差很小

p^((1<<1024)-1)依然可以表示为(1<<1024-1)-p

q=(1<<1024-1)-p+r

p+q=(1<<1024-1)+r

因为p-q= $\sqrt{(p+q)^2-4n}$

所以p-q能开平方为一个判断条件：

from Crypto.Util.number import *
import gmpy2
n= 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
c = 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
e=65537
for r in range(100000):
    t1=(1<<1024)-1+r
    t2,s=gmpy2.iroot(t1**2-4*n,2)
    if s:
        p=(t1+t2)//2
        q=n//p
        d=gmpy2.invert(e,(p-1)*(q-1))
        print(long_to_bytes(pow(c,d,n)))
        break

b'Good job! Here is the flag:\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n| zer0pts{F3rm4t,y0ur_m3th0d_n0_l0ng3r_w0rks.y0u_4r3_f1r3d} |\n+-----------------------------------------------------------+'