目录
前言
想必大家上中学的时候和同学、朋友玩过五子棋。三子棋则更简单,今天我们就用C语言来写一个三子棋(稍加修改就可变为五子棋)
这次的代码的实现主要用到了数组、循环、分支、函数几个模块内容
一、三子棋的实现
1、代码实现步骤:
1、打印菜单(1.开始游戏 0.退出游戏)
2、创建棋盘并初始化
3、打印棋盘
4、玩家下棋 +判断胜负(胜、负 、平局)+打印棋盘
5、电脑下棋 +判断胜负 +打印棋盘
2、模块化代码
合理分类代码,实现函数,达到模块化的目的,也提高代码的可读性
game.h 存放头文件+定义宏+实现函数声明
test.c 存放main()函数,用循环完成进入游戏选择
game.c 完成游戏的各个功能
二、代码示例及解析
1、game.h
简析:
在这里,我们用到了#define ROW 3,即define定义宏,以便于后期代码的维护,如要改成五子棋,则只需将3改为5即可(判断胜负的函数已经做了优化)
代码如下:
#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define ROW 3 //使用define宏,是为了更好的维护代码,更改时方便
#define COL 3
void menu(); //打印菜单
void game();
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //初始化
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL],int row,int col); //打印棋盘
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //玩家下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //电脑下棋
char Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //判断状态
int Isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //判断平局
int JudgeBoard(char judge[20], int cnt); //判断对角线是否相等
2、test.c(main()函数+game()函数)
简析:
game()函数调用其他功能函数,实现游戏
main()函数打印,选择界面菜单及选择结果处理
代码如下:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "game.h"
//实现游戏
void game()
{
char ret = 0;
char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL); //初始化
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
while (1) //每一局输入多次坐标
{
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL); //玩家下棋
ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL); //电脑下棋
ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}
if (ret == 'X')
printf("玩家胜!\n");
if (ret == 'O')
printf("电脑胜\n");
if (ret == 'Q')
printf("平局\n");
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
int input = 0;
do
{
menu();
printf("请选择:>\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏:>\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误,请重新选择:>\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
3、game.c(实现game()各个功能)
1>、打印菜单
代码如下:
//打印菜单
void menu()
{
printf("**********************\n");
printf("******* 1.play *******\n");
printf("******* 0.exit *******\n");
printf("**********************\n");
}
演示:
2>、初始化棋盘
简析:
将创建的二维数组初始化,目的是为了后续打印棋盘时让棋盘有序打印
代码如下
//棋盘初始化(数组初始化)
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
3>、打印棋盘
解析:
注意控制行和列,从而控制打印的图形
代码如下:
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ",board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1) //控制列,每行只需要两个|
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1) //控制行,棋盘需要两组---|---|---
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
演示:
4>、玩家下棋
简析:
要考虑一下几点
1、玩家输入的坐标比数组下标大1,如:输入1 1,其实指的是board[0][0]
2、输入的坐标应满足:1<=x<=ROW和1<=y<=COL
3、输入的坐标已经被占用,则需要重新输入
代码如下:
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入坐标:(row col)\n");
scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'X';
break;
}
else
printf("坐标被占用,请选择其他位置\n");
}
else
printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
}
}
5>、电脑下棋
简析:
关于如何产生随机数,上一篇博客猜数字游戏中已经说明,有需要的话可以自己去翻看
代码如下
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
int x = rand() % ROW;
int y = rand() % COL;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = 'O';
break;
}
}
}
6>、判断胜负
简析:
每次玩家下完棋和电脑下完棋都会判断是否胜利
判断函数有四种状态:
1、玩家赢 2、电脑赢 3、平局 4、继续
易知,1,2,3都会退出该局游戏,4则继续游戏,因此可以在game()函数中,接收判断函数的返回值来确定状态,可以用以下字符作为返回值
玩家胜 X
电脑胜 O
平局 Q
继续 C深层分析可知赢有四种情况:横、竖、主对角线、副对角线
其中横、竖胜利的实现可以在Iswin函数内完成,而对角线可以将满足的元素复制到一维数组judge[20]中,再在JudgeBoard函数内判断元素是否全部相同
平局则需要遍历board二维数组满元素,遍历用到Isfull函数
以上都不满足则为继续
代码如下:
//玩家胜 X
//电脑胜 O
//平局 Q
//继续 C
char Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int flag = 0;
char compare = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//行胜
flag = 1;
compare = board[i][0];
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] != compare || board[i][j]== ' ' || compare== ' ')
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
return compare;
//列胜
flag = 1;
compare = board[0][i];
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[j][i] != compare || board[j][i] == ' ' || compare == ' ')
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
return compare;
}
char judge[20] = { 0 };
int cnt = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//主对角线胜
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (i == j && board[i][j] != ' ')
{
judge[cnt++] = board[i][j];
}
}
}
if (cnt == col)
{
if (JudgeBoard(judge, cnt) == 1)
return judge[0];
}
cnt = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//副对角线胜
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (i + j == col - 1 && board[i][j] != ' ')
{
judge[cnt++] = board[i][j];
}
}
}
if (cnt == col)
{
if (JudgeBoard(judge, cnt) == 1)
return judge[0];
}
//平局
if (Isfull(board, row, col)==1)
{
return 'Q';
}
return 'C';
}
7>、判断胜负函数中判断相等或遍历的函数
//判断元素是否相等
int JudgeBoard(char judge[20], int cnt)
{
int i = 0;
char compare = judge[0];
for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
{
if (judge[i] != compare)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
//判断平局
int Isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) //return 0 继续(假)
{ //return 1 平局(真)
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
三、结果演示
1、玩家胜
2、电脑胜
3、平局
四、代码汇总
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define ROW 3 //使用define宏,是为了更好的维护代码,更改时方便
#define COL 3
void menu();
void game();
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //初始化
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL],int row,int col); //打印棋盘
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //玩家下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //电脑下棋
char Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //判断状态
int Isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //判断平局
int JudgeBoard(char judge[20], int cnt); //判断对角线是否相等
//实现游戏
void game()
{
char ret = 0;
char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL); //初始化
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
while (1) //每一局输入多次坐标
{
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL); //玩家下棋
ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL); //电脑下棋
ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}
if (ret == 'X')
printf("玩家胜!\n");
if (ret == 'O')
printf("电脑胜\n");
if (ret == 'Q')
printf("平局\n");
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
int input = 0;
do
{
menu();
printf("请选择:>\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏:>\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误,请重新选择:>\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
//打印菜单
void menu()
{
printf("**********************\n");
printf("******* 1.play *******\n");
printf("******* 0.exit *******\n");
printf("**********************\n");
}
//棋盘初始化(数组初始化)
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ",board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1) //控制列,每行只需要两个|
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1) //控制行,棋盘需要两组---|---|---
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入坐标:(row col)\n");
scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'X';
break;
}
else
printf("坐标被占用,请选择其他位置\n");
}
else
printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
}
}
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
int x = rand() % ROW;
int y = rand() % COL;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = 'O';
break;
}
}
}
//玩家胜 X
//电脑胜 O
//平局 Q
//继续 C
char Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int flag = 0;
char compare = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//行胜
flag = 1;
compare = board[i][0];
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] != compare || board[i][j]== ' ' || compare== ' ')
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
return compare;
//列胜
flag = 1;
compare = board[0][i];
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[j][i] != compare || board[j][i] == ' ' || compare == ' ')
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
return compare;
}
char judge[20] = { 0 };
int cnt = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//主对角线胜
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (i == j && board[i][j] != ' ')
{
judge[cnt++] = board[i][j];
}
}
}
if (cnt == col)
{
if (JudgeBoard(judge, cnt) == 1)
return judge[0];
}
cnt = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//副对角线胜
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (i + j == col - 1 && board[i][j] != ' ')
{
judge[cnt++] = board[i][j];
}
}
}
if (cnt == col)
{
if (JudgeBoard(judge, cnt) == 1)
return judge[0];
}
//平局
if (Isfull(board, row, col)==1)
{
return 'Q';
}
return 'C';
}
//判断元素是否相等
int JudgeBoard(char judge[20], int cnt)
{
int i = 0;
char compare = judge[0];
for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
{
if (judge[i] != compare)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
//判断平局
int Isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) //return 0 继续(假)
{ //return 1 平局(真)
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
总结
为了实现三子棋改为N子棋的实现,花了一些时间,还是很兴奋可以写出来,美中不足的点是ComputerBoard函数没有智能化,只是随机选空位填'O',以后有能力了再回来改。
希望各位大佬多多指正,同时点个小赞,谢谢啦。