基于中断/DMA方式的串口通信

一、中断方式

1.创建StmCubeMX项目文件

1.选择芯片型号

2.时钟RCC配置

3.SYS设置，选择Serial Wire模式。

4.设置USART

5.设置NVIC

6.时钟树设置
7.设置工程路径、工程名

8.设置工程文件，并导出

2.配置代码

1、在usart.c和main.c中添加头文件

#include “stdio.h”
#include “string.h”

2、重定义printf函数和勾选项

3.main函数外定义

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
 
{
 
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);
 
  return ch;
 
}

4.设置全局变量

uint8_t aRxBuffer;		
uint8_t Uart1_RxBuff[256]; 
uint8_t start[20] = "go stm32!";
uint8_t stop[20] = "stop stm32!";
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;	
uint8_t cAlmStr[] = "溢出了\r\n";
unsigned int flag = 1;

5.设置接收中断函数
1、在main函数里加入

HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);

2、在while循环中添加

while (1)
{
	if(flag == 1){		
	  		printf("Hello windows!\r\n");
		}
	HAL_Delay(1000);
}

3、重写回调函数(写在main函数外)

 void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
	
	if (strcmp(Uart1_RxBuff, start) == 0){
			flag = 1;
			printf("start....\r\n");
		
	}
	if (strcmp(Uart1_RxBuff, stop) == 0){
			flag = 0;
			printf("stop....\r\n");
		
	}
	if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255)  //溢出判断
	{
		Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
		memset(Uart1_RxBuff,0x00,sizeof(Uart1_RxBuff));
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&cAlmStr, sizeof(cAlmStr),0xFFFF);	
	}
	else
	{
		Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer;   //接收数据转存
	
		if((Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //判断结束位
		{
			Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
			memset(Uart1_RxBuff,0x00,sizeof(Uart1_RxBuff)); //6清空数组
		}
	}
	
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);   //再开启接收中断

}

3.编译烧录

烧录

4.最终效果：

二、DMA方式

1.STM32CubeMX配置

也是选择STM32F103C8T6单片
1.RCC设置

2.USART1设置

3.添加两个通信信道

4.设置工程名

5.设置工程文件，并导出

2.配置代码

1.main函数总的代码

#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 

void SystemClock_Config(void);
uint8_t flag=1;
uint8_t rx_buf[6];//接收串口数据存放的数组
int strEqual(char rcData[6],char rcData2[6])
	{
	for(uint8_t i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++){
		if (rcData[i] != rcData2[i]) return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
 
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
	//当输入的指令为“stop!"时,发送提示并改变flag=0
	if(strEqual(rx_buf,"stop!"))
	{
		flag=0;
	}
	
	//当输入的指令为"start"时,发送提示并改变flag=1
	else if(strEqual(rx_buf,"start"))
	{
		flag=1;
	}
	HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1,(uint8_t*)rx_buf,5);
}
int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  uint8_t message[] = "hello windows!\n";  //定义数据发送数组
  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_DMA_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1,(uint8_t*)rx_buf,5);//设置DMA接收到的数据存放在rx_buf中
  while (1)
  {
      if(flag==1)
	  {
	    HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)message, sizeof(message));
	    HAL_Delay(600);
	  }
  }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

3.编译并烧录

烧录

4.最终效果：

三、总结

本次实验让我掌握了串口通信的基本原理以及实际运用，比起上次实验用中断的方法实现串口通信，这次还加了一个用DMA方式进行串口通信，这两种方式其实本质上没太大区别，做起来还是挺容易的，我又让我掌握了一种进行串口通信的方式。遇到难题，可以在网上查询资料作为参考，跟着网上的步骤一步一步做，去理解它。通过不停查询最终解决了问题，掌握一些技巧之后，逐渐熟练，希望在日后我也能将串口通信灵活地进行运用。