C++day4(拷贝赋值函数、匿名对象、友元、常成员函数和常对象、运算符重载)

一、Xmind整理：

二、上课笔记整理：

1.day3作业订正：设计一个Per类，类中包含私有成员：姓名、年龄、指针成员身高...

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//封装人 类
class Person
{
private:
    string name;
    int age;
    double *h; //身高
public:
    //无参构造函数
    Person() { cout << "Person::无参构造函数" << endl;}

    //有参构造
    Person(string name, int age , double h):name(name),age(age),h(new double(h))
                                                                //h = new double(h)
    {cout << "Person::有参构造函数" << endl;}

    //拷贝构造函数
    Person(const Person& p):name(p.name),age(p.age),h(new double(*(p.h)))
    {cout << "Person::拷贝构造函数" << endl; }

    ~Person()
    {
        cout << "Person::析构函数"  << endl;
        delete h;
    }

};

//封装学生 类
class Stu
{
private:
    int math;
    Person p;
public:
    //
    Stu() {cout << "Stu::无参构造" << endl;}

    //
    Stu(string name, int age, double h, int math):math(math),p(name,age,h)
    {cout << "Stu::有参构造" << endl;}
    //拷贝构造函数
    Stu(const Stu& s):math(s.math),p(s.p)
    {
        cout << "Stu::拷贝构造函数" << endl;
    }

    ~Stu()
    {
        cout << "Stu::析构函数"  << endl;
    }

};

int main()
{
    Stu s; //
    Stu s1("张三",34,189,67); //
    Stu s2 = s1;  //

    return 0;
}

 2.封装学生的类，写出构造函数，析构函数、拷贝构造函数、拷贝赋值函数

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Stu
{
private:
    string name;
    int age;
public:
    Stu()
    {
        cout << "无参构造函数" << endl;
    }
    Stu(string name,int age):name(name),age(age)
    {
        cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
    }
    Stu(const Stu &other):name(other.name),age(other.age)
    {
        cout << "拷贝构造函数" << endl;
    }
    Stu &operator=(const Stu &other)
    {
        if(this != &other)
        {
            name = other.name;
            age = other.age;
            cout << "拷贝赋值函数" << endl;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    ~Stu()
    {
        cout << "析构函数"  << endl;
    }
    void display()
    {
        cout << name << endl;
        cout << age << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Stu s1 ("zhangsan",20);
    s1.display();

    Stu s2 =s1;
    s2.display();

    Stu s3;
    s3 = s2;
    s3.display();
    return 0;
}

3.匿名对象

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Stu
{
private:
    string name;
    int age;
public:
    Stu()
    {
        cout << "无参构造函数" <<endl;
    }
    Stu(string name,int age):name(name),age(age)
    {
        cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout << name << endl;
        cout << age << endl;
    }

};
void fun(Stu s)
{
    s.show();
}

int main()
{
    Stu s1 = Stu("zhangsan",12);
    s1.show();

    Stu s[3] = {Stu("a",1),Stu("b",2),Stu("c",3)};
    s[0].show();
    s[1].show();
    s[2].show();

    fun(Stu("lisi",5));

    return 0;
}

4.全局函数、类做友元

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Room
{
    friend void goodgay(Room &r);
    friend class GoodGay;
private:
    string mybedroom;
public:
    string livingroom;
public:
    Room()
    {
        mybedroom = "卧室";
        livingroom = "客厅";
    }
};

//类做友元
class GoodGay
{
public:
    Room *r;
    void visit()
    {

        cout << "好基友类正在访问" << r->mybedroom <<endl;
        cout << "好基友类正在访问" << r->livingroom <<endl;
    }
public:
    GoodGay()
    {
        r = new Room;
    }
};

//全局函数做友元
void goodgay(Room &r)
{
    cout << "好基友函数正在访问" << r.mybedroom <<endl;
    cout << "好基友函数正在访问" << r.livingroom <<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Room r;
    goodgay(r);

    GoodGay g;
    g.visit();
    return 0;
}

5.成员函数做友元

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Room;//声明有这样的类

//类做友元
class GoodGay
{
public:
    Room *r;
    void visit();//在类内声明
    GoodGay();
};

//封装 房间 类
class Room
{
    friend void GoodGay::visit();  //这个类的成员函数是本类的好朋友。可以访问本类所有成员
private:
    string m_BedRoom;  //卧室
public:
    string m_SittingRoom; //客厅
public:
    //无参
    Room()
    {
        m_BedRoom = "卧室";
        m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
    }
};

void GoodGay::visit()  //在类外定义成员函数
{
     cout << "好基友类正在访问。。" << r->m_SittingRoom << endl;
     cout << "好基友类正在访问。。"  << r->m_BedRoom << endl;
}
GoodGay::GoodGay()
{
    r = new Room;
}

int main()
{
    GoodGay g;
    g.visit();

    return 0;
}

6.常成员函数

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Stu
{
private:
    string name;
    int age;
public:
    //无参构造函数
    Stu()
    {

    }
    //有参构造函数
    Stu(string name, int age):name(name),age(age)
    {

    }
    //常成员函数
    void show()const
    {
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "年龄：" << age << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Stu s1("zhangsan",10);
    s1.show();

    return 0;
}

 7.常对象+mutable关键字

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Stu
{
private:
    string name;
    mutable int age;
public:
    //无参构造函数
    Stu()
    {

    }
    //有参构造函数
    Stu(string name, int age):name(name),age(age)
    {

    }
    //常成员函数
    void show()const
    {
        age = 19;
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "年龄：" << age << endl;
    }
    //非常成员函数
    void show()
    {
        age = 16;
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "年龄：" << age << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    //非常对象
    Stu s1("zhangsan",10);
    s1.show();

    //常对象
    const Stu s2("lisi",15);
    s2.show();

    return 0;
}

8.实现+号运算符重载（成员函数、全局函数）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Person
{
   // friend const Person operator+(const Person &L, const Person &R);
private:
    int a;
    int b;
public:
    //无参构造函数
    Person()
    {

    }
    //有参构造函数
    Person(int a, int b):a(a),b(b)
    {

    }
    //成员函数实现 + 号运算符重载
    const Person operator+(const Person &R)const
    {
        Person temp;
        temp.a = a + R.a;
        temp.b = b + R.b;
        return temp;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout << "a = " << a << endl;
        cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    }
};

//全局函数实现 + 号运算符重载
//const Person operator+(const Person &L, const Person &R)
//{
//    Person temp;
//    temp.a = L.a + R.a;
//    temp.b = L.b + R.b;
//    return temp;
//}

int main()
{
    Person p1(10,10);
    Person p2(10,10);
    Person p3 = p1 + p2;
    p3.show();

    return 0;
}