ImportError: libcublas.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

一、问题描述

import tensorflow 时遇到错误，报错如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import *
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "/home/thz/anaconda3/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
ImportError: libcublas.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources#common_installation_problems

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.
>>> 

主要报错是：

ImportError: libcublas.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

二、问题解决

方法一：
tensorflow 与 CUDA 有版本对应关系：
表格来源：https://www.tensorflow.org/install/source#common_installation_problems

tensorflow 版本	Python 版本	编译器	构建工具	cuDNN	CUDA
tensorflow-2.1.0	2.7、3.5-3.7	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 0.27.1	7.6	10.1
tensorflow-2.0.0	2.7、3.3-3.7	GCC 7.3.1	Bazel 0.26.1	7.4	10.0
tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0	2.7、3.3-3.7	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.24.1	7.4	10.0
tensorflow_gpu-1.13.1	2.7、3.3-3.7	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.19.2	7.4	10.0
tensorflow_gpu-1.12.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.15.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.11.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.15.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.10.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.15.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.9.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.11.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.8.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.10.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.7.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.9.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.6.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.9.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.5.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.8.0	7	9
tensorflow_gpu-1.4.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.5.4	6	8
tensorflow_gpu-1.3.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.4.5	6	8
tensorflow_gpu-1.2.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.4.5	5.1	8
tensorflow_gpu-1.1.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.4.2	5.1	8
tensorflow_gpu-1.0.0	2.7、3.3-3.6	GCC 4.8	Bazel 0.4.2	5.1	8

按照这个对应关系安装就可以了，但不是严格一一对应的，只要版本不相差太远就好，比如我开始的对应是：
CUDA-10.2、tensorflow_gpu-1.4.0
表中的 tensorflow-2.1.0 才支持到 CUDA-10.1，我将 tensorflow_gpu-1.4.0 换成了 tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0，问题解决。

方法二：
比较简单，重装 cudatoolkit，如果是使用 conda 虚拟环境，执行下面的命令：

conda install cudatoolkit=9.0

其中 cudatoolkit 版本号是你的报错中 libcublas.so.9.0 中的版本号。