1.修改程序清单10.7的rain.c程序,用指针进行计算(仍然要声明并初始化数组)。
#include <stdio.h>
#define MONTHS 12
#define YEARS 5
//a[2][1] = *(*(a+2)+1)
int main(void)
{
const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS] = {
{4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6},
{8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3},
{9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4},
{7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2},
{7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2}
};
int year, months;
float subtot, total;
printf("YEAR RAINFALL (inches)\n");
for (year = 0, total = 0; year < YEARS; year++)
{
for (months = 0, subtot = 0; months < MONTHS; months++)
subtot += *(*(rain+ year) + months);
printf("%5d %15.1f\n", 2010 + year, subtot);
total += subtot;
}
printf("\nthe yearly average is %.1f inches.\n\n", total / YEARS);
printf("monthly averages:\n\n");
printf("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct");
printf(" Nov Dec\n");
for (months = 0; months < MONTHS; months++)
{
for (year = 0, subtot = 0; year < YEARS; year++)
subtot += *(*(rain + year) + months);
printf("%4.1f ", subtot / YEARS);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
2.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的数组,然后把该数组的内容拷贝至3个其他数组中(在main()中声明这4个数组)。使用带数组表示法的函数进行第1份拷贝。使用带指针表示法和指针递增的函数进行第2份拷贝。把目标数组名、源数组名和待拷贝的元素个数作为前两个函数的参数。第3个函数以目标数组名、源数组名和指向源数组最后一个元素后面的元素的指针。也就是说,给定以下声明,则函数调用如下所示:
double source[5] = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5};
double target1[5];
target2[5];
double target3[5];
copy_arr(target1, source, 5);
copy_ptr(target2, source, 5);
copy_ptrs(target3, source, source + 5)
#include <stdio.h>
void copy_arr(double target[], double source[], int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
target[i] = source[i];
}
return;
}
void copy_ptr(double* target, double* source, int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
*(target+i) = *(source+i);
}
return;
}
void copy_ptrs(double* target, double* source_beign, double* source_end)
{
for (double *i = source_beign;i < source_end;i++)
{
*target++ = *i;
}
return;
}
int main(void)
{
double source[5] = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5 };
double target1[5];
double target2[5];
double target3[5];
copy_arr(target1, source, 5);
copy_ptr(target2, source, 5);
copy_ptrs(target3, source, source + 5);
printf("source: ");
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5;i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", source[i]);
}
}
printf("\n");
printf("target1:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target1[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("target2:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target2[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("target3:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target3[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
3.编写一个函数,返回储存在int类型数组中的最大值,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
int max(int arr[], int num)
{
int maxnumber = arr[0];
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
if (maxnumber < arr[i])
maxnumber = arr[i];
}
return maxnumber;
}
int main(void)
{
int arr[7] = { 6,64,78,251,478,5,47 };
int result = max(arr, 7);
printf("The max element of array is %d.\n", result);
return;
return 0;
}
4.编写一个函数,返回储存在double类型数组中最大值的下标,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
int max(int arr[], int num)
{
double max_subscript = arr[0];
int subscript = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
if (max_subscript < arr[i])
max_subscript = arr[i];
subscript = i;
}
return subscript;
}
int main(void)
{
double arr[7] = { 6,64,78,251,478,5,47 };
int result = max(arr, 7);
printf("The max element subscript of array is %d.\n", result);
return;
return 0;
}
5.编写一个函数,返回储存在double类型数组中最大值和最小值的差值,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
double diff_max_min(double arr[], int num)
{
double max = arr[0];
double min = arr[0];
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (max < arr[i])
{
max = arr[i];
}
if (min > arr[i])
{
min = arr[i];
}
}
printf("The max element of arr is%.2lf\n", max);
printf("The min element of arr is%.2lf\n", min);
return (max - min);
}
int main(void)
{
double result = 0.00;
double arr[7] = {52.44,23.22,6.32,523.5,515.5,5.3,23.5};
result = diff_max_min(arr, 7);
printf("The different of max and min is %.2lf\n",result );
return 0;
}
6.编写一个函数,把double类型数组中的数据倒序排列,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
void sort_number(double arr[], int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < (num/2); i++)
{
double temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[num - 1 - i];
arr[num - i-1] = temp;
}
}
int main(void)
{
double arr[7] = { 20.3,32.3,33.6,35,85,13,12 };
printf("the source array is:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
sort_number(arr, 7);
printf(" After change, the array is:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
7.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的二维数组,使用编程练习2中的一个拷贝函数把该数组中的数据拷贝至另一个二维数组中(因为二维数组是数组的数组,所以可以使用处理一维数组的拷贝函数来处理数组中的每个子数组)。
#include <stdio.h>
//void copy_arr(double (*source)[3], double (*target)[3], int num1)//做笔记,结合书10.7.3
void copy_arr(double source[][3], double target[][3], int num1)//做笔记
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num1; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
target[i][j] = source[i][j];
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
double source[5][3] = {{1,5,2},{2,5,8},{5,8,5},{4,5,4},{4,6,8}};
double target[5][3];
printf("source: ");
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5;i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", source[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n");
copy_arr(source, target, 5);
printf("target:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", target[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
8.使用编程练习2中的拷贝函数,把一个内含7个元素的数组中第3~第5个元素拷贝至内含3个元素的数组中。该函数本身不需要修改,只需要选择合适的实际参数(实际参数不需要是数组名和数组大小,只需要是数组元素的地址和待处理元素的个数。
#include <stdio.h>
void copy_arr(double target[], double source[], int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
target[i] = source[i+2];
}
return;
}
void copy_ptr(double* target, double* source, int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
*(target+i) = *(source+i+2);
}
return;
}
void copy_ptrs(double* target, double* source_beign, double* source_end)
{
for (double *i = source_beign;i < source_end;i++)
{
*target++ = *i;
}
return;
}
int main(void)
{
double source[7] = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5,8.3,9.2 };
double target1[3];
double target2[3];
double target3[3];
copy_arr(target1, source, 3);
copy_ptr(target2, source, 3);
copy_ptrs(target3, source+2, source + 5);
printf("source: ");
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < 7;i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", source[i]);
}
}
printf("\n");
printf("target1:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target1[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("target2:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target2[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("target3:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf(" %.1lf", target3[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
9.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的3×5二维数组,使用一个处理变长数组的函数将其拷贝至另一个二维数组中。还要编写一个以变长数组为形参的函数以显示两个数组的内容。这两个函数应该能处理任意N×M数组(如果编译器不支持变长数组,就使用传统C函数处理N×5的数组)。
//舍弃变长数组做法,与上题做法相同
#include <stdio.h>
void copy(double source[][5],double target[][5], int rows)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
target[i][j] = source[i][j];
}
}
return;
}
int main(void)
{
double source[3][5] = {
{2.30,5.32,5.63,7.32,1.20},
{2.3,6.3,2.03,5.10,7.96},
{2.36,6.10,4.85,9.32,1.23}
};
double target[3][5];
printf("source: ");
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3;i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", source[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n");
copy(source, target, 3);
printf("target:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
printf(" %.2lf", target[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
10.编写一个函数,把两个数组中相对应的元素相加,然后把结果储存到第 3 个数组中。也就是说,如果数组1中包含的值是2、4、5、8,数组2中包含的值是1、0、4、6,那么该函数把3、4、9、14赋给第3个数组。函数接受3个数组名和一个数组大小。在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
void add(double source1[], double source2[], double result[],int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
result[i] = source1[i] +source2[i];
}
return;
}
int main(void)
{
double source1[4] = { 2,4,5,8 };
double source2[4] = { 1,0,4,6 };
double result[4];
printf("source1:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%5.2lf",source1[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("source2:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%5.2lf", source2[i]);
}
printf("\n");
add(source1, source2, result, 4);
printf("result:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%5.2lf",result[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
11.编写一个程序,声明一个int类型的3×5二维数组,并用合适的值初始化它。该程序打印数组中的值,然后各值翻倍(即是原值的2倍),并显示出各元素的新值。编写一个函数显示数组的内容,再编写一个函数把各元素的值翻倍。这两个函数都以数组名和行数作为参数。
#include <stdio.h>
void double_arr(int source[][5], int target[][5], int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
target[i][j] =2* (source[i][j]);
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
int source[3][5] = {{1,5,2,5,2},{2,5,8,3,2},{5,8,5,8,9}};
int target[3][5];
printf("source: ");
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3;i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
printf(" %d", source[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n");
double_arr(source, target, 3);
printf("target:");
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
printf(" %d", target[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
12.重写程序清单10.7的rain.c程序,把main()中的主要任务都改成用函数来完成。
ͬ10.7
13.编写一个程序,提示用户输入3组数,每组数包含5个double类型的数(假设用户都正确地响应,不会输入非数值数据)。该程序应完成下列任务。
a.把用户输入的数据储存在3×5的数组中
b.计算每组(5个)数据的平均值
c.计算所有数据的平均值
d.找出这15个数据中的最大值
e.打印结果
每个任务都要用单独的函数来完成(使用传统C处理数组的方式)。 完成任务b,要编写一个计算并返回一维数组平均值的函数,利用循环调用该函数3次。对于处理其他任务的函数,应该把整个数组作为参数,完成任务c和d的函数应把结果返回主调函数。
#include<stdio.h>
void input(double arr[][5], int num)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j <5; j++)
{
scanf_s("%lf", & arr[i][j]);
getchar();
}
}
return;
}
double average_b(double arr[], int col)
{
double sum = 0.00;
double result_b ;
for (size_t j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
sum += arr[j];
}
result_b = (sum / col);
return result_b;
}
double average_c(double arr[][5], int row)
{
double sum = 0.0;
double result_c;
for (size_t i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
sum += arr[i][j];
}
result_c =( sum / (row * 5));
return result_c;
}
double max_arr(double arr[][5], int row)
{
double max = 0.00;
for (size_t i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
if (max < arr[i][j])
{
max = arr[i][j];
}
}
}
return max;
}
int main(void)
{
double arr[3][5];
printf("请输入15个double类型的数:");
input(arr, 3);
//double result_2 = average_b(arr[i], 5);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf("average of row %d is %.2lf\n", i, average_b(arr[i], 5));
}
printf("average of 15 double numbers is %.2lf\n", average_c(arr, 3));
//max_arr(arr, 3);
printf("the max element of 15 double numbers is %.2lf\n", max_arr(arr, 3));
return 0;
}