英语学习详细笔记（三）代名词

代名词

1，格

                        主格                        所有格                        受格

第一人称            I                              my                             me

第二人称          you                          your                           you

第三人称       he/she/it                  his/her/its                    him/her/it

一                    we                             our                               us

二                   you                            your                             you

三                  they                            their                            them

①主格+动词

②所有格+名词

③一般动词+(介系词)+受格

有人敲门，问：Who is it? 答：It's I./It's me.

2，it的用法，it可表示天气、时间、距离...，A beV B：A=B

It rains a lot in Taipei in Spring.

It was two o'clock when he came back home.

It is five kilometers from here to the airport.

3，it可表示某一状态，多半是说话的人及听的人都能了解的特定状况

Who knocked at the door?

I thought it was Jack. it代表敲门这件事

It's all up to you.

I like it here. it表这个地方的状况，here是副词，副词不可当受词

4，it可当假主词：代替一件事， to+V(不定词)

It is difficult to learn Spanish.    +to+V(不定词)

It's important that you should tell the truth.    *s+v+that(连接词)+s+v，当句子出现两个主词，动词时需要用连接词that

It's no use telling him about it.    +Ving(动名词)

*we,you,they的特殊用法

We had a heavy rain yesterday.

You don't see many Chinese there.

They speak English in Canada.

所有代名词

1，所有代名词的形成

                    所有格                  所有代名词                所有格                所有代名词

一                   my                          mine                        our                        ours

二                  your                        yours                       your                      yours

三              his/her/its                his/hers/its                  their                       theirs

2，所有代名词的用法，所有代名词=所有格+名词

Your house is bigger than mine.

My bicycles are here and his are there.

3，伴随双重所有格，冠词(a/an/the)，所有格，指示形容词（this, that, these, those），不定形容词（数量不确定，many），不可同时放名词前，两两不可同时组合

I met one of my old friends on the way home.    所有格与冠词不同时组合出现，用one of 代替冠词

I met an old friend of mine on the way home.    用of mine代替所有格

名词的所有代名词

*名词所有格：名词后加's，复数名词加'

My dog is black, and Jason's is white.

1，反身代名词，反身代名词不能当主词

第一、二人称->所有格+self/selves，第三人称->受格+self/selves

一                  myself                         ourselves

二                  yourself                       yourselves

三         himself/herself/itself             themselves

You always talk to yourself.  主词，受词对象相同

He can do it himself.    He himself can do it.(强调)

2，指示代名词：指示人或事物的代名词

this (these) / that (those)

*一般用法：用于人或事物，离说话者距离近用this(these)，距离远用that(those)

This is my mask. That is mary's.

Who is this? (电话问答)回答：This is Mary.

Who was that on the telephone? 刚才打电话的那个人

Things are easier these days.

代替用法

1，代替已叙述过的字，代替单数名词用that，代替复数名词用those

The weather in Taipei is cooler than that in...

2，N+修饰语：有修饰语时，如果N重复，单数名词用that代替，复数名词用those代替

He interests are different from those of her childhood.现在的兴趣与过去的兴趣

3，so作为动词的受词或补语，指前面出现过的字或句子，受词：接收动词动作的对象

Will it be fine tomorrow? I hope so.

I hope that it will be fine tomorrow. (s+v+连接词that+s+v)

Do you still feel sick? If so, you must see the doctor.

Nancy can(助动词) play the violin, and so can I. (I can, too.)

She is smart, so she is. (她的确如此）强调

She is smart, so is he.

4，so解释成也时，so+助动词/be动词+主词

*such有“那样的事物/人”之意，可当代名词，形容词，也可用单、复数

They will plant flowers such as roses, sunflowers.  plant flowers种花（园艺）、草、树，grow rice种稻、菜（可吃的）

5，such (a/an) (+形容词) + 名词

Have you tasted(过去分词) any such food before?    have+过去分词表经验（现在完成时）

6，such前可接all、other、another、any、few、every、no等

*same一般都加the表相同的事/物之意

Can I have a cup of coffee, please?

Give me the same, please.

He uses the same typewriter as I (do代替前面的动作).

7，不定代名词，①不特定的人或物，②非一定数量的代名词，具有形容词的功能

Some of the boys like English. some代名词作为主词

Some boys like English. (冠词，所有格，形容词）+n

one/ones

1，one=a/an+单数名词，指不特定的人或物

*ones->指不特定的人或物复数

I have lost my watch and i have to buy one.

I like small cars better than large ones.

2，one=a/an+单数名词，it=the+单数名词

Here are some apples. Take one.

I bought a good camera, i'll lend it to you.

both/all

*both两者都，用于两个人或两个事物

*all(全部，所有的)指数量为3或3以上的人或事物，也可代表不可数名词

1，位置：be动词或助动词之后，一般动词之前，定冠词the、所有格、数词、形容词之前

Both of her children went to NewYork.  Two of her children...她的孩子中的两个

I've read both these papers.

All (of) my money(不可数名词) was stolen.

You may take all these toys (them all受格).

2，both、all出现于否定句，表示部分否定，并非两者都

I do not know both of parents.

I know just one of her parents.

Not all of them come from England.

Just some of them come from England.

either/neither

1，eigher:指两者之中不论哪一个都可以，但是只选其一

*neither:为both的否定，表两者都不，指全部否定，本身为否定字，不可和not同时出现

Do you know either of the visitors. 部分否定

I like neither of the hats. 全部否定

2，either、neither也有副词用法（也不），也（too句尾、so+倒装句）

Bill didn't come to my party, and ken didn't, either.

Neither did ken.

some/any

1，一般而言，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句及条件句，可代替可数与不可数

Some of the boys were late.

Some of my money was stolen from my purse.

Please lend me some money if you have any.

Do you have any magazines to read?

2，some可用于表示“请求，邀请”的问句

Will you give me some help? How about some tea?

other/another

1，other：表“其他人/事物”，其复数为others，others(代名词)+v

another:从an+other衍生而成，表不特定的另一个，别的人/事物，无复数形

I have two students, one is short, the other is tall.

2，other(形)，the other(代名词)+v

I have three flowers, one is red, the others are yellow.

one is red, another is yellow, the other is pink.

I don't like this one, show me (another总数为3或3以上)\(the other总数只有2个).

Some of the boys are here, but where are the others?

Some people said yes and others said no.

3，比较

1(one)，1(the other)

1(one)，n>2(the others)

1(one)，n，1(another)

1(one)，1(another)，1(the other)

n>2(some (of...))，n>2(the others)，列举完，前面有限定，后面也要有限定

n，n>2(some)，n>2(some/others)，未列举完

4，其他，none(无，不可数/可数)，several(数个，可数)，most(大部分，可数/不可数)

None of the telephones is/are working.  none当主词，动词单/复都可以

Several of my friends attended the meeting.

Most of it is true.  Most代替不可数名词，动词用单数

Most of the people know it.    most(大部分)时前不加the

Who got the most New York's card?

She is the most beautiful girl (that i've ever seen关系代名词).