参数
焦距:
f
f
f
对焦距离(物距):
u
u
u
F数(f-number):
F
F
F
弥散圆直径:
δ
\delta
δ
光阑直径:
D
=
f
/
F
D=f/F
D=f/F
透镜成像
透镜成像公式: 1 f = 1 u + 1 v \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v} f1=u1+v1像距: v = f u u − f v = \frac{fu}{u-f} v=u−ffu
景深
根据三角形相似,可得像距为 v v v、弥散圆为 δ \delta δ时,清晰成像的两个像距表示为: v 1 = D v D − δ v 2 = D v D + δ v_1=\frac{Dv}{D-\delta} \\ v_2=\frac{Dv}{D+\delta} v1=D−δDvv2=D+δDv对应物距为: u 1 = f v 1 v 1 − f u 2 = f v 2 v 2 − f u_1=\frac{fv_1}{v_1-f} \\ u_2=\frac{fv_2}{v_2-f} u1=v1−ffv1u2=v2−ffv2前景深: Δ L 1 = u − u 1 = F δ u ( u − f ) f 2 + F δ ( u − f ) \Delta L_1 = u-u_1=\frac{F\delta u(u-f)}{f^2+F\delta(u-f)} ΔL1=u−u1=f2+Fδ(u−f)Fδu(u−f)后景深: Δ L 2 = u 2 − u = F δ u ( u − f ) f 2 − F δ ( u − f ) \Delta L_2 = u_2-u=\frac{F\delta u(u-f)}{f^2-F\delta(u-f)} ΔL2=u2−u=f2−Fδ(u−f)Fδu(u−f)景深(depth of field): DOF = Δ L 1 + Δ L 2 = 2 f 2 F δ u ( u − f ) f 4 − F 2 δ 2 ( u − f ) 2 \text{DOF} = \Delta L_1+\Delta L_2 = \frac{2f^2F\delta u(u-f)}{f^4-F^2\delta^2(u-f)^2} DOF=ΔL1+ΔL2=f4−F2δ2(u−f)22f2Fδu(u−f)
超焦距
当后景深为无穷大时,
u
1
u_1
u1距离后的点都可被清晰成像,此时的对焦距离
u
u
u称为超焦距(Hyperfocal distance):
Δ
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2
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δ
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⇓
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2
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\Delta L_2 = \frac{F\delta u(u-f)}{f^2-F\delta(u-f)}=\infty \\ \Downarrow \\ f^2=F\delta(u-f) \\ \Downarrow \\u = \frac{f^2}{F\delta}+f
ΔL2=f2−Fδ(u−f)Fδu(u−f)=∞⇓f2=Fδ(u−f)⇓u=Fδf2+f