Linux常见命令英文全称

su：Swith user  切换用户，切换到root用户
cat: Concatenate  串联
uname: Unix name  系统名称
df: Disk free  空余硬盘
du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
chown: Change owner 改变所有者
chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
ps：Process Status  进程状态
tar：Tape archive 解压文件
chmod: Change mode 改变模式
umount: Unmount 卸载
ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
insmod：Install module 安装模块
rmmod：Remove module 删除模块
lsmod：List module 列表模块
alias :Create your own name for a command
bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell  linux内核 
grep:global regular expression print
httpd :Start Apache
ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
reboot: Restart your computer
sudo:Superuser do
 
/bin = BINaries 
/dev = DEVices 
/etc = ETCetera 
/lib = LIBrary 
/proc = PROCesses 
/sbin = Superuser BINaries 
/tmp = TeMPorary 
/usr = Unix Shared Resources 
/var = VARiable ? 
FIFO = First In, First Out 
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader 
IFS = Internal Field Seperators 
LILO = LInux LOader 
MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language 
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor 
PS = Prompt String 
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" 
Python Monty Python's Flying Circus 
Tcl = Tool Command Language 
Tk = ToolKit 
VT = Video Terminal 
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 
apache = "a patchy" server 
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool 
ar = archiver 
as = assembler 
bash = Bourne Again SHell 
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator 
bg = BackGround 
cal = CALendar 
cat = CATenate 
cd = Change Directory 
chgrp = CHange GRouP 
chmod = CHange MODe 
chown = CHange OWNer 
chsh = CHange SHell 
cmp = compare 
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture 
comm = common 
cp = CoPy 
cpio = CoPy In and Out 
cpp = C Pre Processor 
cups = Common Unix Printing System 
cvs = Current Version System 
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor 
dc = Desk Calculator 
dd = Disk Dump 
df = Disk Free 
diff = DIFFerence 
dmesg = diagnostic message 
du = Disk Usage 
ed = editor 
egrep = Extended GREP 
elf = Extensible Linking Format 
elm = ELectronic Mail 
emacs = Editor MACroS 
eval = EVALuate 
ex = EXtended 
exec = EXECute 
fd = file descriptors 
fg = ForeGround 
fgrep = Fixed GREP 
fmt = format 
fsck = File System ChecK 
fstab = FileSystem TABle 
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager 
gawk = GNU AWK 
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard 
groff = GNU troff 
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer 
joe = Joe's Own Editor 
ksh = Korn SHell 
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder 
lex = LEXical analyser 
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses 
ln = LiNk 
lpr = Line PRint 
ls = list 
lsof = LiSt Open Files 
m4 = Macro processor Version 4 
man = MANual pages 
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK 
mc = Midnight Commander 
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem 
mknod = MaKe NODe 
motd = Message of The Day 
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa 
mtab = Mount TABle 
mv = MoVe 
nano = Nano's ANOther editor 
nawk = New AWK 
nl = Number of Lines 
nm = names 
nohup = No HangUP 
nroff = New ROFF 
od = Octal Dump 
passwd = PASSWorD 
pg = pager 
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor 
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" 
ping =  Packet InterNet Grouper 
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability 
popd = POP Directory 
pr = pre 
printf = PRINT Formatted 
ps = Processes Status 
pty = pseudo tty 
pushd = PUSH Directory 
pwd = Print Working Directory 
rc = runcom = run command, shell 
rev = REVerse 
rm = ReMove 
rn = Read News 
roff = RunOFF 
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager 
rsh, rlogin, = Remote 
rxvt = ouR XVT 
sed = Stream EDitor 
seq = SEQuence 
shar = SHell ARchive 
slrn = S-Lang rn 
ssh = Secure SHell 
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer 
stty = Set TTY 
su = Substitute User 
svn = SubVersioN 
tar = Tape ARchive 
tcsh = TENEX C shell 
telnet = TEminaL over Network 
termcap = terminal capability 
terminfo = terminal information 
tr = traslate 
troff = Typesetter new ROFF 
tsort = Topological SORT 
tty = TeleTypewriter 
twm = Tom's Window Manager 
tz = TimeZone 
udev = Userspace DEV 
ulimit = User's LIMIT 
umask = User's MASK 
uniq = UNIQue 
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient 
vim = Vi IMproved 
wall = write all 
wc = Word Count 
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator 
xargs = eXtended ARGuments 
xdm = X Display Manager 
xlfd = X Logical Font Description 
xmms = X Multimedia System 
xrdb = X Resources DataBase 
xwd = X Window Dump 
yacc = yet another compiler compiler

1、ls  英文原意：listl
    ls -a 等于 ls --all
2、mkdir 英文原意：make directories

3、cd 英文原意：change directory

4、pwd 英文原意：print working directory

5、rmdir 英文原意：remove empty directories

6、目录处理命令：cp
⑤、功能描述：复制文件或目录
⑥、语法：cp -rp 【原文件或目录】【目标目录】
　　　　 cp -r 复制目录
cp -p 保留文件属性

7、目录处理命令：mv
①、命令名称：mv
②、英文原意：move

8、目录处理命令：rm
①、命令名称：rm
②、英文原意：remove
③、命令所在路径：/bin/rm
④、执行权限：所有用户
⑤、功能描述：删除文件
⑥、语法：rm -rf 【文件或目录】
-r 删除目录
-f 强制执行

1、压缩解压命令：gzip
①、命令名称：gzip
②、英文原意：GNU zip
③、命令所在路径：/bin/gzip
④、执行权限：所有用户
⑤、功能描述：压缩文件
⑥、语法：gzip 【文件】
注意：只能压缩文件，不能压缩目录；压缩完后不保留原文件
压缩后文件格式为： .gz

3、压缩解压命令：tar①、命令名称：tar②、英文原意：③、命令所在路径：/bin/tar④、执行权限：所有用户⑤、功能描述：打包目录⑥、语法：tar 选项【-zcf】【压缩后文件名】【目录】
　　　　-c 打包
　　　　 -v 显示详细信息
　　　　 -f 指定文件名
　　　　 -z 打包同时压缩
压缩后文件格式： .tar.gz
范例：tar -zcvf a.tar.gz a 将 a 目录打包并压缩生成 a.tar.gz 的压缩文件

tar 命令解压缩语法
　　　　-x 解包
　　　　-v 显示详细信息
　　　　-f 指定解压文件
　　　　-z 解压缩
tar -zxvf a.tar.gz

4、压缩解压命令：zip
①、命令名称：zip
②、英文原意：
③、命令所在路径：/usr/bin/zip
④、执行权限：所有用户
⑤、功能描述：压缩文件或目录
⑥、语法：tar 选项【-r】【压缩后文件名】【文件或目录】
　　　　　　-r 压缩目录
压缩后文件：zip

5、压缩解压命令：unzip
①、命令名称：unzip
②、英文原意：
③、命令所在路径：/usr/bin/unzip
④、执行权限：所有用户
⑤、功能描述：解压.zip 的压缩文件
⑥、语法：unzip 【文件名】