YOLOv5修改Focal EIOU Loss
修改两处
尝试训练5epoch,loss不收敛,map几乎为0。仅此文章记录一下,Focal EIOU loss代码仍需进一步调参,仅供参考。
参考博客:Focal-EIOU Loss:用于精确边界框回归的高效IOU损失
1. 修改metrics.py
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
"""
Model validation metrics
"""
import math
import warnings
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
def fitness(x):
# Model fitness as a weighted combination of metrics
w = [0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.9] # weights for [P, R, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95]
return (x[:, :4] * w).sum(1)
def ap_per_class(tp, conf, pred_cls, target_cls, plot=False, save_dir='.', names=()):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics.
# Arguments
tp: True positives (nparray, nx1 or nx10).
conf: Objectness value from 0-1 (nparray).
pred_cls: Predicted object classes (nparray).
target_cls: True object classes (nparray).
plot: Plot precision-recall curve at mAP@0.5
save_dir: Plot save directory
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Sort by objectness
i = np.argsort(-conf)
tp, conf, pred_cls = tp[i], conf[i], pred_cls[i]
# Find unique classes
unique_classes = np.unique(target_cls)
nc = unique_classes.shape[0] # number of classes, number of detections
# Create Precision-Recall curve and compute AP for each class
px, py = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000), [] # for plotting
ap, p, r = np.zeros((nc, tp.shape[1])), np.zeros((nc, 1000)), np.zeros((nc, 1000))
for ci, c in enumerate(unique_classes):
i = pred_cls == c
n_l = (target_cls == c).sum() # number of labels
n_p = i.sum() # number of predictions
if n_p == 0 or n_l == 0:
continue
else:
# Accumulate FPs and TPs
fpc = (1 - tp[i]).cumsum(0)
tpc = tp[i].cumsum(0)
# Recall
recall = tpc / (n_l + 1e-16) # recall curve
r[ci] = np.interp(-px, -conf[i], recall[:, 0], left=0) # negative x, xp because xp decreases
# Precision
precision = tpc / (tpc + fpc) # precision curve
p[ci] = np.interp(-px, -conf[i], precision[:, 0], left=1) # p at pr_score
# AP from recall-precision curve
for j in range(tp.shape[1]):
ap[ci, j], mpre, mrec = compute_ap(recall[:, j], precision[:, j])
if plot and j == 0:
py.append(np.interp(px, mrec, mpre)) # precision at mAP@0.5
# Compute F1 (harmonic mean of precision and recall)
f1 = 2 * p * r / (p + r + 1e-16)
names = [v for k, v in names.items() if k in unique_classes] # list: only classes that have data
names = {i: v for i, v in enumerate(names)} # to dict
if plot:
plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, Path(save_dir) / 'PR_curve.png', names)
plot_mc_curve(px, f1, Path(save_dir) / 'F1_curve.png', names, ylabel='F1')
plot_mc_curve(px, p, Path(save_dir) / 'P_curve.png', names, ylabel='Precision')
plot_mc_curve(px, r, Path(save_dir) / 'R_curve.png', names, ylabel='Recall')
i = f1.mean(0).argmax() # max F1 index
return p[:, i], r[:, i], ap, f1[:, i], unique_classes.astype('int32')
def compute_ap(recall, precision):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves
# Arguments
recall: The recall curve (list)
precision: The precision curve (list)
# Returns
Average precision, precision curve, recall curve
"""
# Append sentinel values to beginning and end
mrec = np.concatenate(([0.0], recall, [1.0]))
mpre = np.concatenate(([1.0], precision, [0.0]))
# Compute the precision envelope
mpre = np.flip(np.maximum.accumulate(np.flip(mpre)))
# Integrate area under curve
method = 'interp' # methods: 'continuous', 'interp'
if method == 'interp':
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 101) # 101-point interp (COCO)
ap = np.trapz(np.interp(x, mrec, mpre), x) # integrate
else: # 'continuous'
i = np.where(mrec[1:] != mrec[:-1])[0] # points where x axis (recall) changes
ap = np.sum((mrec[i + 1] - mrec[i]) * mpre[i + 1]) # area under curve
return ap, mpre, mrec
class ConfusionMatrix:
# Updated version of https://github.com/kaanakan/object_detection_confusion_matrix
def __init__(self, nc, conf=0.25, iou_thres=0.45):
self.matrix = np.zeros((nc + 1, nc + 1))
self.nc = nc # number of classes
self.conf = conf
self.iou_thres = iou_thres
def process_batch(self, detections, labels):
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
detections (Array[N, 6]), x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, class
labels (Array[M, 5]), class, x1, y1, x2, y2
Returns:
None, updates confusion matrix accordingly
"""
detections = detections[detections[:, 4] > self.conf]
gt_classes = labels[:, 0].int()
detection_classes = detections[:, 5].int()
iou = box_iou(labels[:, 1:], detections[:, :4])
x = torch.where(iou > self.iou_thres)
if x[0].shape[0]:
matches = torch.cat((torch.stack(x, 1), iou[x[0], x[1]][:, None]), 1).cpu().numpy()
if x[0].shape[0] > 1:
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 1], return_index=True)[1]]
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 0], return_index=True)[1]]
else:
matches = np.zeros((0, 3))
n = matches.shape[0] > 0
m0, m1, _ = matches.transpose().astype(np.int16)
for i, gc in enumerate(gt_classes):
j = m0 == i
if n and sum(j) == 1:
self.matrix[detection_classes[m1[j]], gc] += 1 # correct
else:
self.matrix[self.nc, gc] += 1 # background FP
if n:
for i, dc in enumerate(detection_classes):
if not any(m1 == i):
self.matrix[dc, self.nc] += 1 # background FN
def matrix(self):
return self.matrix
def plot(self, normalize=True, save_dir='', names=()):
try:
import seaborn as sn
array = self.matrix / ((self.matrix.sum(0).reshape(1, -1) + 1E-6) if normalize else 1) # normalize columns
array[array < 0.005] = np.nan # don't annotate (would appear as 0.00)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 9), tight_layout=True)
sn.set(font_scale=1.0 if self.nc < 50 else 0.8) # for label size
labels = (0 < len(names) < 99) and len(names) == self.nc # apply names to ticklabels
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore') # suppress empty matrix RuntimeWarning: All-NaN slice encountered
sn.heatmap(array, annot=self.nc < 30, annot_kws={"size": 8}, cmap='Blues', fmt='.2f', square=True,
xticklabels=names + ['background FP'] if labels else "auto",
yticklabels=names + ['background FN'] if labels else "auto").set_facecolor((1, 1, 1))
fig.axes[0].set_xlabel('True')
fig.axes[0].set_ylabel('Predicted')
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'confusion_matrix.png', dpi=250)
plt.close()
except Exception as e:
print(f'WARNING: ConfusionMatrix plot failure: {e}')
def print(self):
for i in range(self.nc + 1):
print(' '.join(map(str, self.matrix[i])))
def bbox_iou(box1, box2, x1y1x2y2=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False, EIoU=False, FocalEIoU=False, eps=1e-7):#【改】
# Returns the IoU of box1 to box2. box1 is 4, box2 is nx4
box2 = box2.T
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
if x1y1x2y2: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[0], box1[1], box1[2], box1[3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[0], box2[1], box2[2], box2[3]
else: # transform from xywh to xyxy
b1_x1, b1_x2 = box1[0] - box1[2] / 2, box1[0] + box1[2] / 2
b1_y1, b1_y2 = box1[1] - box1[3] / 2, box1[1] + box1[3] / 2
b2_x1, b2_x2 = box2[0] - box2[2] / 2, box2[0] + box2[2] / 2
b2_y1, b2_y2 = box2[1] - box2[3] / 2, box2[1] + box2[3] / 2
# Intersection area
inter = (torch.min(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.max(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \
(torch.min(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.max(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clamp(0)
# Union Area
w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, b1_y2 - b1_y1 + eps
w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, b2_y2 - b2_y1 + eps
union = w1 * h1 + w2 * h2 - inter + eps
iou = inter / union
if GIoU or DIoU or CIoU or EIoU or FocalEIoU:#【改】
cw = torch.max(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.min(b1_x1, b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width
ch = torch.max(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.min(b1_y1, b2_y1) # convex height
if CIoU or DIoU or EIoU or FocalEIoU:# 【改】 # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1
c2 = cw ** 2 + ch ** 2 + eps # convex diagonal squared
rho2 = ((b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) ** 2 +
(b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) ** 2) / 4 # center distance squared
if DIoU:
return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU
elif CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47
v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * torch.pow(torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1), 2)
with torch.no_grad():
alpha = v / (v - iou + (1 + eps))
return iou - (rho2 / c2 + v * alpha) # CIoU
elif EIoU or FocalEIoU: #==============【改】EIoU 的实现方式==================
rho2_w = (w1 - w2) ** 2
cw2 = cw ** 2 + eps
rho2_h = (h1 - h2) ** 2
ch2 = ch ** 2 + eps
if EIoU:
print('==============【改】EIoU 的实现方式==================')
print('DIOU sum():', (iou - rho2 / c2).sum())
print('EIOU sum():', (iou - (rho2 / c2 + rho2_w / cw2 + rho2_h / ch2)).sum())
return iou-(rho2 / c2 + rho2_w/cw2 + rho2_h/ch2) # EIoU
else:
Loss_EIOU = (1 - iou + (rho2 / c2 + rho2_w / cw2 + rho2_h / ch2)).mean() # EIoU
Loss_FocalEIoU = iou ** 0.5 * Loss_EIOU
print('==============【改】FocalEIoU 的实现方式==================')
print('DIOU sum():', (iou - rho2 / c2).sum())
print('FocalEIoU sum():', Loss_FocalEIoU.sum())
return Loss_FocalEIoU
else: # GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf
c_area = cw * ch + eps # convex area
return iou - (c_area - union) / c_area # GIoU
else:
return iou # IoU
def box_iou(box1, box2):
# https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/ops/boxes.py
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
box1 (Tensor[N, 4])
box2 (Tensor[M, 4])
Returns:
iou (Tensor[N, M]): the NxM matrix containing the pairwise
IoU values for every element in boxes1 and boxes2
"""
def box_area(box):
# box = 4xn
return (box[2] - box[0]) * (box[3] - box[1])
area1 = box_area(box1.T)
area2 = box_area(box2.T)
# inter(N,M) = (rb(N,M,2) - lt(N,M,2)).clamp(0).prod(2)
inter = (torch.min(box1[:, None, 2:], box2[:, 2:]) - torch.max(box1[:, None, :2], box2[:, :2])).clamp(0).prod(2)
return inter / (area1[:, None] + area2 - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
def bbox_ioa(box1, box2, eps=1E-7):
""" Returns the intersection over box2 area given box1, box2. Boxes are x1y1x2y2
box1: np.array of shape(4)
box2: np.array of shape(nx4)
returns: np.array of shape(n)
"""
box2 = box2.transpose()
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[0], box1[1], box1[2], box1[3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[0], box2[1], box2[2], box2[3]
# Intersection area
inter_area = (np.minimum(b1_x2, b2_x2) - np.maximum(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clip(0) * \
(np.minimum(b1_y2, b2_y2) - np.maximum(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clip(0)
# box2 area
box2_area = (b2_x2 - b2_x1) * (b2_y2 - b2_y1) + eps
# Intersection over box2 area
return inter_area / box2_area
def wh_iou(wh1, wh2):
# Returns the nxm IoU matrix. wh1 is nx2, wh2 is mx2
wh1 = wh1[:, None] # [N,1,2]
wh2 = wh2[None] # [1,M,2]
inter = torch.min(wh1, wh2).prod(2) # [N,M]
return inter / (wh1.prod(2) + wh2.prod(2) - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
# Plots ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, save_dir='pr_curve.png', names=()):
# Precision-recall curve
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
py = np.stack(py, axis=1)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # display per-class legend if < 21 classes
for i, y in enumerate(py.T):
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]} {ap[i, 0]:.3f}') # plot(recall, precision)
else:
ax.plot(px, py, linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(recall, precision)
ax.plot(px, py.mean(1), linewidth=3, color='blue', label='all classes %.3f mAP@0.5' % ap[:, 0].mean())
ax.set_xlabel('Recall')
ax.set_ylabel('Precision')
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc="upper left")
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir), dpi=250)
plt.close()
def plot_mc_curve(px, py, save_dir='mc_curve.png', names=(), xlabel='Confidence', ylabel='Metric'):
# Metric-confidence curve
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # display per-class legend if < 21 classes
for i, y in enumerate(py):
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]}') # plot(confidence, metric)
else:
ax.plot(px, py.T, linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(confidence, metric)
y = py.mean(0)
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=3, color='blue', label=f'all classes {y.max():.2f} at {px[y.argmax()]:.3f}')
ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc="upper left")
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir), dpi=250)
plt.close()
2. 修改loss.py
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
"""
Loss functions
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from utils.metrics import bbox_iou
from utils.torch_utils import is_parallel
def smooth_BCE(eps=0.1): # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/238#issuecomment-598028441
# return positive, negative label smoothing BCE targets
return 1.0 - 0.5 * eps, 0.5 * eps
class BCEBlurWithLogitsLoss(nn.Module):
# BCEwithLogitLoss() with reduced missing label effects.
def __init__(self, alpha=0.05):
super().__init__()
self.loss_fcn = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction='none') # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.alpha = alpha
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
pred = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
dx = pred - true # reduce only missing label effects
# dx = (pred - true).abs() # reduce missing label and false label effects
alpha_factor = 1 - torch.exp((dx - 1) / (self.alpha + 1e-4))
loss *= alpha_factor
return loss.mean()
class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
# Wraps focal loss around existing loss_fcn(), i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=1.5)
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
super().__init__()
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none' # required to apply FL to each element
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
# p_t = torch.exp(-loss)
# loss *= self.alpha * (1.000001 - p_t) ** self.gamma # non-zero power for gradient stability
# TF implementation https://github.com/tensorflow/addons/blob/v0.7.1/tensorflow_addons/losses/focal_loss.py
pred_prob = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
p_t = true * pred_prob + (1 - true) * (1 - pred_prob)
alpha_factor = true * self.alpha + (1 - true) * (1 - self.alpha)
modulating_factor = (1.0 - p_t) ** self.gamma
loss *= alpha_factor * modulating_factor
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else: # 'none'
return loss
class QFocalLoss(nn.Module):
# Wraps Quality focal loss around existing loss_fcn(), i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=1.5)
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
super().__init__()
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none' # required to apply FL to each element
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
pred_prob = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
alpha_factor = true * self.alpha + (1 - true) * (1 - self.alpha)
modulating_factor = torch.abs(true - pred_prob) ** self.gamma
loss *= alpha_factor * modulating_factor
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else: # 'none'
return loss
class ComputeLoss:
# Compute losses
def __init__(self, model, autobalance=False):
self.sort_obj_iou = False
device = next(model.parameters()).device # get model device
h = model.hyp # hyperparameters
# Define criteria
BCEcls = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['cls_pw']], device=device))
BCEobj = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['obj_pw']], device=device))
# Class label smoothing https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04103.pdf eqn 3
self.cp, self.cn = smooth_BCE(eps=h.get('label_smoothing', 0.0)) # positive, negative BCE targets
# Focal loss
g = h['fl_gamma'] # focal loss gamma
if g > 0:
BCEcls, BCEobj = FocalLoss(BCEcls, g), FocalLoss(BCEobj, g)
det = model.module.model[-1] if is_parallel(model) else model.model[-1] # Detect() module
self.balance = {3: [4.0, 1.0, 0.4]}.get(det.nl, [4.0, 1.0, 0.25, 0.06, 0.02]) # P3-P7
self.ssi = list(det.stride).index(16) if autobalance else 0 # stride 16 index
self.BCEcls, self.BCEobj, self.gr, self.hyp, self.autobalance = BCEcls, BCEobj, 1.0, h, autobalance
for k in 'na', 'nc', 'nl', 'anchors':
setattr(self, k, getattr(det, k))
def __call__(self, p, targets): # predictions, targets, model
device = targets.device
lcls, lbox, lobj = torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device)
tcls, tbox, indices, anchors = self.build_targets(p, targets) # targets
# Losses
for i, pi in enumerate(p): # layer index, layer predictions
b, a, gj, gi = indices[i] # image, anchor, gridy, gridx
tobj = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 0], device=device) # target obj
n = b.shape[0] # number of targets
if n:
ps = pi[b, a, gj, gi] # prediction subset corresponding to targets
# Regression
pxy = ps[:, :2].sigmoid() * 2 - 0.5
pwh = (ps[:, 2:4].sigmoid() * 2) ** 2 * anchors[i]
pbox = torch.cat((pxy, pwh), 1) # predicted box
# iou = bbox_iou(pbox.T, tbox[i], x1y1x2y2=False, EIoU=True) #【改】# iou(prediction, target)
# lbox += (1.0 - iou).mean() # iou loss
# ==========================【改】 Focal EIOU 实现(注释掉上两行,保存下面两行)==================
iou = bbox_iou(pbox.T, tbox[i], x1y1x2y2=False, FocalEIoU=True) #【改】# iou(prediction, target)
lbox += iou.mean() # iou loss
# ==========================【改】 END ==================
# Objectness
score_iou = iou.detach().clamp(0).type(tobj.dtype)
if self.sort_obj_iou:
sort_id = torch.argsort(score_iou)
b, a, gj, gi, score_iou = b[sort_id], a[sort_id], gj[sort_id], gi[sort_id], score_iou[sort_id]
tobj[b, a, gj, gi] = (1.0 - self.gr) + self.gr * score_iou # iou ratio
# Classification
if self.nc > 1: # cls loss (only if multiple classes)
t = torch.full_like(ps[:, 5:], self.cn, device=device) # targets
t[range(n), tcls[i]] = self.cp
lcls += self.BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t) # BCE
# Append targets to text file
# with open('targets.txt', 'a') as file:
# [file.write('%11.5g ' * 4 % tuple(x) + '\n') for x in torch.cat((txy[i], twh[i]), 1)]
obji = self.BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj)
lobj += obji * self.balance[i] # obj loss
if self.autobalance:
self.balance[i] = self.balance[i] * 0.9999 + 0.0001 / obji.detach().item()
if self.autobalance:
self.balance = [x / self.balance[self.ssi] for x in self.balance]
lbox *= self.hyp['box']
lobj *= self.hyp['obj']
lcls *= self.hyp['cls']
bs = tobj.shape[0] # batch size
return (lbox + lobj + lcls) * bs, torch.cat((lbox, lobj, lcls)).detach()
def build_targets(self, p, targets):
# Build targets for compute_loss(), input targets(image,class,x,y,w,h)
na, nt = self.na, targets.shape[0] # number of anchors, targets
tcls, tbox, indices, anch = [], [], [], []
gain = torch.ones(7, device=targets.device) # normalized to gridspace gain
ai = torch.arange(na, device=targets.device).float().view(na, 1).repeat(1, nt) # same as .repeat_interleave(nt)
targets = torch.cat((targets.repeat(na, 1, 1), ai[:, :, None]), 2) # append anchor indices
g = 0.5 # bias
off = torch.tensor([[0, 0],
[1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1], # j,k,l,m
# [1, 1], [1, -1], [-1, 1], [-1, -1], # jk,jm,lk,lm
], device=targets.device).float() * g # offsets
for i in range(self.nl):
anchors = self.anchors[i]
gain[2:6] = torch.tensor(p[i].shape)[[3, 2, 3, 2]] # xyxy gain
# Match targets to anchors
t = targets * gain
if nt:
# Matches
r = t[:, :, 4:6] / anchors[:, None] # wh ratio
j = torch.max(r, 1 / r).max(2)[0] < self.hyp['anchor_t'] # compare
# j = wh_iou(anchors, t[:, 4:6]) > model.hyp['iou_t'] # iou(3,n)=wh_iou(anchors(3,2), gwh(n,2))
t = t[j] # filter
# Offsets
gxy = t[:, 2:4] # grid xy
gxi = gain[[2, 3]] - gxy # inverse
j, k = ((gxy % 1 < g) & (gxy > 1)).T
l, m = ((gxi % 1 < g) & (gxi > 1)).T
j = torch.stack((torch.ones_like(j), j, k, l, m))
t = t.repeat((5, 1, 1))[j]
offsets = (torch.zeros_like(gxy)[None] + off[:, None])[j]
else:
t = targets[0]
offsets = 0
# Define
b, c = t[:, :2].long().T # image, class
gxy = t[:, 2:4] # grid xy
gwh = t[:, 4:6] # grid wh
gij = (gxy - offsets).long()
gi, gj = gij.T # grid xy indices
# Append
a = t[:, 6].long() # anchor indices
indices.append((b, a, gj.clamp_(0, gain[3] - 1), gi.clamp_(0, gain[2] - 1))) # image, anchor, grid indices
tbox.append(torch.cat((gxy - gij, gwh), 1)) # box
anch.append(anchors[a]) # anchors
tcls.append(c) # class
return tcls, tbox, indices, anch