ubuntu16.04中python36使用pdfkit问题解决

背景

我这里的需求是需要将html文件转成pdf文件，在windows测试环境中可以正常转换，但是在部署到ubuntu上时碰到一些问题

使用的python来处理，使用的python库是pdfkit，pdfkit的实质是通过【wkhtmltopdf】进行转换，所以需要先安装wkhtmltopdf，然后代码中可以进行转换

问题

• ubuntu 中安装时报错

• html文件中包含中文时，无法将中文转换出来

解决方案

ubuntu安装时报以下错误

1. 安装【wkhtmltopdf】

apt-get install wkhtmltopdf

2. 安装之后进行测试发现以下问题

root@iZ2ze4dhkm7u47lku6qixxZ:~# wkhtmltopdf https://www.baidu.com baid.pdf
QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display 
Aborted

参考Linux上使用 wkhtmltopdf 将网页转成pdf的信息，可以看到最简单的解决方案是，安装【xvfb】

3. 安装xvfb继续测试

apt-get install xvfb

转换成pdf之后，中文出现乱码问题

所以需要在ubuntu安装一个雅黑字体，参考资料

4. 安装字体继续测试

下载【微软雅黑.ttf】文件上传到服务器[/usr/share/fonts/winFonts]

root@iZ2zedu2sj65xaim6aez5hZ:/usr/share/fonts# mkdir winFonts
root@iZ2zedu2sj65xaim6aez5hZ:/usr/share/fonts# cd winFonts/
root@iZ2zedu2sj65xaim6aez5hZ:/usr/share/fonts/winFonts# chmod 644 /usr/share/fonts/winFonts/*.ttf
root@iZ2zedu2sj65xaim6aez5hZ:/usr/share/fonts/winFonts# mkfontscale

至此，ubuntu中使用wkhtmltopdf的问题都已经解决，后面就是关于python pdfkit使用问题的解决方案

pdfkit中是直接使用wkhtmltopdf命令进行转换的，而前面ubuntu中安装wkhtmltopdf后不可以直接使用，是安装了xvfb的，所以要多pdfkit库进行重新处理

import subprocess
import sys

try:
    # Python 2.x and 3.x support for checking string types
    assert basestring
except NameError:
    basestring = str

from pdfkit import PDFKit


class UbuntuConfiguration(object):
    def __init__(self, wkhtmltopdf='', xvfb='', meta_tag_prefix='pdfkit-'):
        self.meta_tag_prefix = meta_tag_prefix

        self.wkhtmltopdf = wkhtmltopdf
        self.xvfb = xvfb

        if not self.wkhtmltopdf:
            if sys.platform == 'win32':
                self.wkhtmltopdf = subprocess.Popen(
                    ['where', 'wkhtmltopdf'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].strip()
            else:
                self.wkhtmltopdf = subprocess.Popen(
                    ['which', 'wkhtmltopdf'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].strip()
        if not xvfb:
            # 只针对ubuntu 最简单的解决方案，安装wkhtmltopdf 不足以解决问题时，需要安装xvfb-run来执行
            if sys.platform != 'win32':
                self.xvfb = subprocess.Popen(
                    ['which', 'xvfb-run'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].strip()
                # 确定是否已经安装
                try:
                    with open(self.xvfb) as f:
                        pass
                except IOError:
                    raise IOError('No xvfb executable found: "%s"\n' % self.xvfb)

        try:
            with open(self.wkhtmltopdf) as f:
                pass
        except IOError:
            raise IOError('No wkhtmltopdf executable found: "%s"\n'
                          'If this file exists please check that this process can '
                          'read it. Otherwise please install wkhtmltopdf - '
                          'https://github.com/JazzCore/python-pdfkit/wiki/Installing-wkhtmltopdf' % self.wkhtmltopdf)


class UbuntuPDFKit(PDFKit):
    def __init__(self, url_or_file, type_, options=None, toc=None, cover=None,
                 css=None, cover_first=False):
        configuration = UbuntuConfiguration()
        super(UbuntuPDFKit, self).__init__(url_or_file, type_, options, toc=toc, cover=cover, css=css,
                                           cover_first=cover_first, configuration=configuration)
        self.xvfb = self.configuration.xvfb

    def _command(self, path=None):
        """
        Generator of all command parts
        """
        if self.css:
            self._prepend_css(self.css)

        yield self.xvfb

        yield self.wkhtmltopdf

        for argpart in self._genargs(self.options):
            if argpart:
                yield argpart

        if self.cover and self.cover_first:
            yield 'cover'
            yield self.cover

        if self.toc:
            yield 'toc'
            for argpart in self._genargs(self.toc):
                if argpart:
                    yield argpart

        if self.cover and not self.cover_first:
            yield 'cover'
            yield self.cover

        # If the source is a string then we will pipe it into wkhtmltopdf
        # If the source is file-like then we will read from it and pipe it in
        if self.source.isString() or self.source.isFileObj():
            yield '-'
        else:
            if isinstance(self.source.source, basestring):
                yield self.source.to_s()
            else:
                for s in self.source.source:
                    yield s

        # If output_path evaluates to False append '-' to end of args
        # and wkhtmltopdf will pass generated PDF to stdout
        if path:
            yield path
        else:
            yield '-'


def xvfb_from_file(input, output_path, options=None, toc=None, cover=None, css=None, cover_first=False):
    r = UbuntuPDFKit(input, 'file', options=options, toc=toc, cover=cover, css=css, cover_first=cover_first)
    return r.to_pdf(output_path)

主要就是对commond增加上xvfb

代码中只定义了本地文件处理，如果有需求可以继续定义网络文件的方式。
至此，在python36中基本上可以使用了