HAL学习

一、HAL调用方式或流程(以gralloc为例)：
hw_module_t const* module;

alloc_device_t* grDev;

 

hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,&module);获取hw_module_t结构

gralloc_open(module, &grDev); //调用相应的open接口，在这个接口里会对gralloc设备结构grDev初始化，以 后就可以使用其中的方法

如grDev->alloc(******);

 

再看一下gralloc.h提供的信息(与gralloc相关)：

1、首先是扩展的hw_module_t结构：

typedef struct gralloc_module_t {
    struct hw_module_t common;
    
    /*
     * (*registerBuffer)() must be called before a buffer_handle_t that has not
     * been created with (*alloc_device_t::alloc)() can be used.
     * 
     * This is intended to be used with buffer_handle_t's that have been
     * received in this process through IPC.
     * 
     * This function checks that the handle is indeed a valid one and prepares
     * it for use with (*lock)() and (*unlock)().
     * 
     * It is not necessary to call (*registerBuffer)() on a handle created 
     * with (*alloc_device_t::alloc)().
     * 
     * returns an error if this buffer_handle_t is not valid.
     */
    int (*registerBuffer)(struct gralloc_module_t const* module,
            buffer_handle_t handle);

    /*
     * (*unregisterBuffer)() is called once this handle is no longer needed in
     * this process. After this call, it is an error to call (*lock)(),
     * (*unlock)(), or (*registerBuffer)().
     * 
     * This function doesn't close or free the handle itself; this is done
     * by other means, usually through libcutils's native_handle_close() and
     * native_handle_free(). 
     * 
     * It is an error to call (*unregisterBuffer)() on a buffer that wasn't
     * explicitly registered first.
     */
    int (*unregisterBuffer)(struct gralloc_module_t const* module,
            buffer_handle_t handle);
    
    /*
     * The (*lock)() method is called before a buffer is accessed for the 
     * specified usage. This call may block, for instance if the h/w needs
     * to finish rendering or if CPU caches need to be synchronized.
     * 
     * The caller promises to modify only pixels in the area specified 
     * by (l,t,w,h).
     * 
     * The content of the buffer outside of the specified area is NOT modified
     * by this call.
     *
     * If usage specifies GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_*, vaddr is filled with the address
     * of the buffer in virtual memory.
     *
     * THREADING CONSIDERATIONS:
     *
     * It is legal for several different threads to lock a buffer from 
     * read access, none of the threads are blocked.
     * 
     * However, locking a buffer simultaneously for write or read/write is
     * undefined, but:
     * - shall not result in termination of the process
     * - shall not block the caller
     * It is acceptable to return an error or to leave the buffer's content
     * into an indeterminate state.
     *
     * If the buffer was created with a usage mask incompatible with the
     * requested usage flags here, -EINVAL is returned. 
     * 
     */
    
    int (*lock)(struct gralloc_module_t const* module,
            buffer_handle_t handle, int usage,
            int l, int t, int w, int h,
            void** vaddr);

    
    /*
     * The (*unlock)() method must be called after all changes to the buffer
     * are completed.
     */
    
    int (*unlock)(struct gralloc_module_t const* module,
            buffer_handle_t handle);


    /* reserved for future use */
    int (*perform)(struct gralloc_module_t const* module,
            int operation, ... );

    /* reserved for future use */
    void* reserved_proc[7];
} gralloc_module_t;
2、然后是扩展的hw_device_t结构：
typedef struct alloc_device_t {
    struct hw_device_t common;

    /* 
     * (*alloc)() Allocates a buffer in graphic memory with the requested
     * parameters and returns a buffer_handle_t and the stride in pixels to
     * allow the implementation to satisfy hardware constraints on the width
     * of a pixmap (eg: it may have to be multiple of 8 pixels). 
     * The CALLER TAKES OWNERSHIP of the buffer_handle_t.
     * 
     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
     */
    
    int (*alloc)(struct alloc_device_t* dev,
            int w, int h, int format, int usage,
            buffer_handle_t* handle, int* stride);

    /*
     * (*free)() Frees a previously allocated buffer. 
     * Behavior is undefined if the buffer is still mapped in any process,
     * but shall not result in termination of the program or security breaches
     * (allowing a process to get access to another process' buffers).
     * THIS FUNCTION TAKES OWNERSHIP of the buffer_handle_t which becomes
     * invalid after the call. 
     * 
     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
     */
    int (*free)(struct alloc_device_t* dev,
            buffer_handle_t handle);

} alloc_device_t;

3、最后是两个方法：

static inline int gralloc_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, 
        struct alloc_device_t** device) {
    return module->methods->open(module, 
            GRALLOC_HARDWARE_GPU0, (struct hw_device_t**)device);
}

static inline int gralloc_close(struct alloc_device_t* device) {
    return device->common.close(&device->common);
}

这里直接调用modules里面的open方法，该open指针是在hw_get_module时候赋值的。

 

所有模块的实现基本都是这样，一个扩展的hw_module_t结构，一个扩展的hw_device_t结构，hw_module_t结构的赋值是通过hw_get_module然后传相应的module ID,如GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID，获取相应ID  hw_module_t结构的首地址;而hw_device_t结构是通过相应的Open方法，如这里的gralloc_open，通过这个接口，就获得了操作这个设备的方法了。

 

二、HAL相关实现

首先看一下hw_module_t结构:

typedef struct hw_module_t {
    /** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG */
    uint32_t tag;

    /** major version number for the module */
    uint16_t version_major;

    /** minor version number of the module */
    uint16_t version_minor;

    /** Identifier of module */
    const char *id;

    /** Name of this module */
    const char *name;

    /** Author/owner/implementor of the module */
    const char *author;

    /** Modules methods */
    struct hw_module_methods_t* methods;

    /** module's dso */
    void* dso;

    /** padding to 128 bytes, reserved for future use */
    uint32_t reserved[32-7];

} hw_module_t;

比较重要的是id和methods，id用来区分各个模块，而hw_module_methods_t我们可以看到其定义是：

typedef struct hw_module_methods_t {
    /** Open a specific device */
    int (*open)(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* id,
            struct hw_device_t** device);

} hw_module_methods_t;

一个open方法，指向了打开这个模块的Open方法

我们看一下gralloc模块相关结构的关系图：

1、  先看一下private_module_t(hw_module_t)结构的赋值

struct private_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
    base: {
        common: {
            tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
            version_major: 1,
            version_minor: 0,
            id: GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
            name: "Graphics Memory Allocator Module",
            author: "The Android Open Source Project",
            methods: &gralloc_module_methods
        },
        registerBuffer: gralloc_register_buffer,
        unregisterBuffer: gralloc_unregister_buffer,
        lock: gralloc_lock,
        unlock: gralloc_unlock,
    },
    framebuffer: 0,
    flags: 0,
    numBuffers: 0,
    bufferMask: 0,
    lock: PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
    currentBuffer: 0,
    pmem_master: -1,
    pmem_master_base: 0
};

这里id赋值为GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID，methods赋值为gralloc_module_methods

看一下gralloc_module_methods

gralloc_module_t扩展了hw_module_t，增加4个方法，这四个方法可以在调用open之前调用。

static struct hw_module_methods_t gralloc_module_methods = {
        open: gralloc_device_open
};

再看一下alloc_device_t的初始化，是在gralloc_device_open函数中

int gralloc_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name,
        hw_device_t** device)
{
    int status = -EINVAL;
    if (!strcmp(name, GRALLOC_HARDWARE_GPU0)) {
        gralloc_context_t *dev;
        dev = (gralloc_context_t*)malloc(sizeof(*dev));

        /* initialize our state here */
        memset(dev, 0, sizeof(*dev));

        /* initialize the procs */
        dev->device.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
        dev->device.common.version = 0;
        dev->device.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t*>(module);
        dev->device.common.close = gralloc_close;

        dev->device.alloc   = gralloc_alloc;
        dev->device.free    = gralloc_free;

        *device = &dev->device.common;
        status = 0;
    } else {
        status = fb_device_open(module, name, device);
    }
    return status;
}

可以看到，这里把module和device关联起来了

dev->device.common.module =const_cast<hw_module_t*>(module);

并对gralloc设备提供的两个方法进行赋值

dev->device.alloc   = gralloc_alloc;

dev->device.free    = gralloc_free;

 

这样，我们就可以调用gralloc提供的另外两个方法了。