numpy添加维度：newaxis

关于newaxis的例子： http://blog.csdn.net/xtingjie/article/details/72510834

今天用sklearn里的线性模型fit的时候报错：

ValueError: Expected 2D array, got 1D array instead:
array=[2 3 4 5].
Reshape your data either using array.reshape(-1, 1) if your data has a single feature or array.reshape(1, -1) if it contains a single sample.

举个例子：

a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array([2,3,4,5])
c = list()
c.append(a)
c.append(b)
print(c)
[array([1, 2, 3, 4]), array([2, 3, 4, 5])]

from sklearn import linear_model
reg = linear_model.Ridge (alpha = .5)
reg.fit (c,[1,1]) 
reg.predict([2,3,4,5]) #维度不一样出错

那用np.newaixs，先给出例子:

x = np.random.randint(1, 8, size=5)

x
Out[48]: array([4, 6, 6, 6, 5])

x1 = x[np.newaxis, :]

x1
Out[50]: array([[4, 6, 6, 6, 5]])

x2 = x[:, np.newaxis]

x2
Out[52]: 
array([[4],
       [6],
       [6],
       [6],
       [5]])

开始fit：

reg.predict(np.array([2,3,4,5])[np.newaxis,:])
array([ 1.])

总结：在取出train_test中的单个元素预测时，维度成了一条，应该与训练时用的二维相对应，所以需要增加维度上去。