编程语言的发展历程

从FORTRAN I到Visual Basic .NET,这篇博客详述了编程语言的发展历程,涵盖早期的数学表达式语言如FORTRAN II,到ALGOL 60引入的块结构和数据类型,再到现代的Java和.NET框架,展现了编程语言如何逐步进化,适应不断变化的技术需求。
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■ First-generation languages (1954–1958)
  • FORTRAN I Mathematical expressions
  • ALGOL 58 Mathematical expressions
  • Flowmatic Mathematical expressions
  • IPL V Mathematical expressions

■ Second-generation languages (1959–1961)
  • FORTRAN II Subroutines, separate compilation
  • ALGOL 60 Block structure, data types
  • COBOL Data descrīption, file handling
  • Lisp List processing, pointers, garbage collection

■ Third-generation languages (1962–1970)
  • PL/1 FORTRAN + ALGOL + COBOL
  • ALGOL 68 Rigorous successor to ALGOL 60
  • Pascal Simple successor to ALGOL 60
  • Simula Classes, data abstraction

■ The generation gap (1970–1980)
Many different languages were invented, but few endured. However, the following
are worth noting:
  • C Efficient; small executables
  • FORTRAN 77 ANSI standardiz
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