.
前言
在上一篇七、服务端和客户端升级为select模型中,我们已经将服务端和客户端升级为了select模型,由于select本身就支持跨平台
因此本篇我们将服务端和客户端select程序移植到Linux和MacOS平台
Linux和Mac OS底层都是使用Unix内核,因此将代码修改之后,在Linux和Mac OS上面都可以进行编译并运行,不需要单独设计两份
一、项目创建与编译
1、Linux系统
- 在Liunx中打开TextEditor,另存为client.cpp
- 保存路径:Documents\dev
- client编译命令:
g++ client.cpp -std=c++11 -pthread -o client
-std=c++11
:支持C++11标准-pthread:
支持#include<thread>
- server编译命令:g++ server.cpp -std=c++11 -o server
- 如果没有
-std=c++11
,auto就会报错了
- 如果没有
2、MacOS系统
- Create a new Xcode Project
- macOS -> Command Line Tool -> Next
- Product Name:EasyTcpClient
- Organization Name:Zjp
- Organization identifier:com.sjyl.test
- Language:C++
- 目录选择Documents/dev
- 拷贝clent.cpp代码到macOS中(注意不是用CTRL,而是使用win键代替)
3、不同系统的IP查看
1、Windows -> ipconfig
2、Liunx -> 由于我们使用的是虚拟机,所以在本机上查看VMnet8的就是虚拟机Linux的ip地址
3、MacOS -> 终端 -> ifconfig
二、客户端跨平台相关修改
1、头文件问题
- 错误提示
client.cpp:4:10: fatal error: Windows.h: No such file or directory
#include <Windows.h>
^~~~~~~~~~~- 原因:Windows与Unix下套接字使用的头文件不同,因此需要修订
- 解决方案:使用宏定义来区别不同的操作系统
2、SOCKET问题
- 编译错误:
client.cpp:181:20: error: ‘sock_client’ was not declared in this scope
int ret = connect(sock_client, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin));
^~~~~~~~~~~- 原因:Windows下有SOCKET、、INVALID_SOCKET、SOCKET_ERROR等宏的定义,但是Unix>没有。
- 解决方案:手动在程序中进行了宏定义
3、字符串编译错误
- 编译错误:
client.cpp:140:12: error: ‘strcmp’ was not declared in this scope
if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, “exit”))
^~~~~~- 解决方案:增加<string.h>头文件
#ifdef _WIN32
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#else
#include <unistd.h>//Unix标准库头文件
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SOCKET int
#define INVALID_SOCKET (SOCKET)(~0)
#define SOCKET_ERROR (-1)
#endif
#include<stdio.h>
#include<thread>
4、套接字网络环境
- 编译错误:
client.cpp:171:2: error: ‘WSAStartup’ was not declared in this scope
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
^~~~~~~~~~
client.cpp:177:3: error: ‘WSACleanup’ was not declared in this scope
WSACleanup();
^~~~~~~~~~- 原因:Windows需要开启套接字网络环境,但是Unix不需要
- 解决方案:宏定义
#ifdef _WIN32
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
#endif
//中间代码省略。。。
#ifdef _WIN32
closesocket(sock_client);
WSACleanup();
#else
close(sock_client);
#endif
5、sockaddr_in问题
- 原因:Windows与Unix下struct sockaddr_in的定义不同
- 解决方案:宏定义
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
#ifdef _WIN32
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
#else
_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.86.1");
#endif
6、recv()函数问题
- 在Mac OS上的X code编译器上recv函数返回size_t类型,因此Xcode编译的时候给出了一个警告
- 但是在Windows下和Ubuntu的g++编译器下都没有给出警告
- 因此如果需要,可以将代码中的recv()函数的返回值转换为int类型
Implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'ssize_t' (aka 'long') to 'int'
7、select模型中的nfds
- 之前介绍过select的api,这个代表所有文件描述符的最大值加1
- windows下这个参数没有要求,但是在Unix下就需要了
int ret = select(sock_client + 1, &fdRead, 0, 0, &t);//客户端只有1个Socket,sock_client + 1即可
三、服务端跨平台相关修改
- 服务端同客户端一样的修改,包含:
- 头文件问题
- SOCKET问题
- 字符串编译错误
- 套接字网络环境
- sockaddr_in问题
1、accept()参数问题
accept()的参数3在Unix下为socklen_t*类型,在Xcode上编译时如果不考虑兼容性会报错
#ifdef _WIN32
sock_client = accept(sock_server, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
#else
sock_client = accept(sock_server, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, (socklen_t*)&nAddrLen);
#endif
2、fd_set问题
Windows下fd_set提供fd_count和fd_array数据成员,但是Unix下的fd_set不提供这两个成员
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
if (FD_ISSET(g_clients[n], &fdRead))
{
if (-1 == processor(g_clients[n]))
{
auto iter = g_clients.begin() + n;//std::vector<SOCKET>::iterator
if (iter != g_clients.end())
{
g_clients.erase(iter);
}
}
}
}
3、select模型中的nfds
- 这个会导致服务端无法收到客户端的消息
- 客户端因为只有一个Socket,所以客户端的select使用sock_client+1即可
- 服务端是面向多个客户端连接的,所以服务端不能使用sock_server+1
SOCKET maxSock = _sock;
//64位不要使用size_t来做--操作
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; --n)
{
FD_SET(g_clients[n], &fdRead);//放入到可读集合中查询
if (maxSock < g_clients[n])
{
maxSock = g_clients[n];
}
}
//nfds 是一个整数值,是指fd_set集合中所有描述符(socket)的范围,而不是数量
//既是所有文件描述符最大值+1,在Windows中这个参数可以写0
timeval t = { 1,0 };//0,0的含义就是查询下,如果没有立即返回
int ret = select(maxSock + 1, &fdRead, &fdWrite, &fdExp, &t);
四、完整源码
1、服务端server.cpp
#ifdef _WIN32
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<windows.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#else
#include<unistd.h> //uni std
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#define SOCKET int
#define INVALID_SOCKET (SOCKET)(~0)
#define SOCKET_ERROR (-1)
#endif
#include<stdio.h>
#include<thread>
#include<vector>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;
short cmd;
};
//DataPackage
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char PassWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult : public DataHeader
{
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct Logout : public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult : public DataHeader
{
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct NewUserJoin : public DataHeader
{
NewUserJoin()
{
dataLength = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
scok = 0;
}
int scok;
};
std::vector<SOCKET> g_clients;
int processor(SOCKET _cSock)
{
//缓冲区
char szRecv[4096] = {};
// 5 接收客户端数据
int nLen = (int)recv(_cSock, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("客户端<Socket=%d>已退出,任务结束。\n", _cSock);
return -1;
}
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN:
{
recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Login* login = (Login*)szRecv;
printf("收到客户端<Socket=%d>请求:CMD_LOGIN,数据长度:%d,userName=%s PassWord=%s\n", _cSock, login->dataLength, login->userName, login->PassWord);
//忽略判断用户密码是否正确的过程
LoginResult ret;
send(_cSock, (char*)&ret, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
Logout* logout = (Logout*)szRecv;
printf("收到客户端<Socket=%d>请求:CMD_LOGOUT,数据长度:%d,userName=%s \n", _cSock, logout->dataLength, logout->userName);
//忽略判断用户密码是否正确的过程
LogoutResult ret;
send(_cSock, (char*)&ret, sizeof(ret), 0);
}
break;
default:
{
DataHeader header = { 0,CMD_ERROR };
send(_cSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(header), 0);
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
//启动Windows socket 2.x环境
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
//------------
#endif
//-- 用Socket API建立简易TCP服务端
// 1 建立一个socket 套接字
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
// 2 bind 绑定用于接受客户端连接的网络端口
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);//host to net unsigned short
#ifdef _WIN32
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;//inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
#else
_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
#endif
if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin)))
{
printf("错误,绑定网络端口失败...\n");
}
else {
printf("绑定网络端口成功...\n");
}
// 3 listen 监听网络端口
if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(_sock, 5))
{
printf("错误,监听网络端口失败...\n");
}
else {
printf("监听网络端口成功...\n");
}
while (true)
{
//伯克利套接字 BSD socket
fd_set fdRead;//描述符(socket) 集合
fd_set fdWrite;
fd_set fdExp;
//清理集合
FD_ZERO(&fdRead);
FD_ZERO(&fdWrite);
FD_ZERO(&fdExp);
//将描述符(socket)加入集合
FD_SET(_sock, &fdRead);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdWrite);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdExp);
SOCKET maxSock = _sock;
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
FD_SET(g_clients[n], &fdRead);
if (maxSock < g_clients[n])
{
maxSock = g_clients[n];
}
}
///nfds 是一个整数值 是指fd_set集合中所有描述符(socket)的范围,而不是数量
///既是所有文件描述符最大值+1 在Windows中这个参数可以写0
timeval t = { 1,0 };
int ret = select(maxSock + 1, &fdRead, &fdWrite, &fdExp, &t);
if (ret < 0)
{
printf("select任务结束。\n");
break;
}
//判断描述符(socket)是否在集合中
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdRead))
{
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdRead);
// 4 accept 等待接受客户端连接
sockaddr_in clientAddr = {};
int nAddrLen = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
SOCKET _cSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
#ifdef _WIN32
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
#else
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, (socklen_t*)&nAddrLen);
#endif
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _cSock)
{
printf("错误,接受到无效客户端SOCKET...\n");
}
else
{
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
NewUserJoin userJoin;
send(g_clients[n], (const char*)&userJoin, sizeof(NewUserJoin), 0);
}
g_clients.push_back(_cSock);
printf("新客户端加入:socket = %d,IP = %s \n", (int)_cSock, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr));
}
}
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
if (FD_ISSET(g_clients[n], &fdRead))
{
if (-1 == processor(g_clients[n]))
{
auto iter = g_clients.begin() + n;//std::vector<SOCKET>::iterator
if (iter != g_clients.end())
{
g_clients.erase(iter);
}
}
}
}
//printf("空闲时间处理其它业务..\n");
}
#ifdef _WIN32
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
closesocket(g_clients[n]);
}
// 8 关闭套节字closesocket
closesocket(_sock);
//------------
//清除Windows socket环境
WSACleanup();
#else
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
close(g_clients[n]);
}
// 8 关闭套节字closesocket
close(_sock);
#endif
printf("已退出。\n");
getchar();
return 0;
}
2、客户端client.cpp
#ifdef _WIN32
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include<windows.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#else
#include<unistd.h> //uni std
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#define SOCKET int
#define INVALID_SOCKET (SOCKET)(~0)
#define SOCKET_ERROR (-1)
#endif
#include<stdio.h>
#include<thread>
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
CMD_ERROR
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLength;
short cmd;
};
//DataPackage
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char PassWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult : public DataHeader
{
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct Logout : public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
struct LogoutResult : public DataHeader
{
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
result = 0;
}
int result;
};
struct NewUserJoin : public DataHeader
{
NewUserJoin()
{
dataLength = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
scok = 0;
}
int scok;
};
int processor(SOCKET _cSock)
{
//缓冲区
char szRecv[4096] = {};
// 5 接收客户端数据
int nLen = (int)recv(_cSock, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("与服务器断开连接,任务结束。\n");
return -1;
}
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN_RESULT:
{
recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
LoginResult* login = (LoginResult*)szRecv;
printf("收到服务端消息:CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,数据长度:%d\n", login->dataLength);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT:
{
recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
LogoutResult* logout = (LogoutResult*)szRecv;
printf("收到服务端消息:CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,数据长度:%d\n", logout->dataLength);
}
break;
case CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN:
{
recv(_cSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
NewUserJoin* userJoin = (NewUserJoin*)szRecv;
printf("收到服务端消息:CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,数据长度:%d\n", userJoin->dataLength);
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
bool g_bRun = true;
void cmdThread(SOCKET sock)
{
while (true)
{
char cmdBuf[256] = {};
scanf("%s", cmdBuf);
if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "exit"))
{
g_bRun = false;
printf("退出cmdThread线程\n");
break;
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "login"))
{
Login login;
strcpy(login.userName, "lyd");
strcpy(login.PassWord, "lydmm");
send(sock, (const char*)&login, sizeof(Login), 0);
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "logout"))
{
Logout logout;
strcpy(logout.userName, "lyd");
send(sock, (const char*)&logout, sizeof(Logout), 0);
}
else {
printf("不支持的命令。\n");
}
}
}
int main()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
//启动Windows socket 2.x环境
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
#endif
//------------
//-- 用Socket API建立简易TCP客户端
// 1 建立一个socket
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
printf("错误,建立Socket失败...\n");
}
else {
printf("建立Socket成功...\n");
}
// 2 连接服务器 connect
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
#ifdef _WIN32
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
#else
_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.74.1");
#endif
int ret = connect(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("错误,连接服务器失败...\n");
}
else {
printf("连接服务器成功...\n");
}
//启动线程
std::thread t1(cmdThread, _sock);
t1.detach();
while (g_bRun)
{
fd_set fdReads;
FD_ZERO(&fdReads);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdReads);
timeval t = { 1,0 };
int ret = select(_sock + 1, &fdReads, 0, 0, &t);
if (ret < 0)
{
printf("select任务结束1\n");
break;
}
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdReads))
{
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdReads);
if (-1 == processor(_sock))
{
printf("select任务结束2\n");
break;
}
}
//printf("空闲时间处理其它业务..\n");
//Sleep(1000);
}
// 7 关闭套节字closesocket
#ifdef _WIN32
closesocket(_sock);
//清除Windows socket环境
WSACleanup();
#else
close(_sock);
#endif
printf("已退出。\n");
getchar();
return 0;
}