YOLOv8！数据集制作！使用数据集进行模型训练！（以数据集coco128为例）

一、原始数据集【未划分，包含全部图片、标签】

在yolo系列的根目录下（ultralytics_main）创建datasets文件夹，在datasets文件夹中放入coco128数据集，coco128文件夹下创建image文件夹：存放数据集的全部图片和标签文件。

二、数据集分割

在datasets文件夹下创建DatasetProduction.py文件，用来将images中的图片和标签进行分割，DatasetProduction.py代码如下：（！该代码一定放在datasets文件夹下，不要放在images里）

import os
import random
import shutil

def split_dataset(data_dir, train_val_test_dir, train_ratio, val_ratio, test_ratio):
    # 创建目标文件夹
    train_dir = os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'train')
    val_dir = os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'val')
    test_dir = os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'test')
    os.makedirs(train_dir, exist_ok=True)
    os.makedirs(val_dir, exist_ok=True)
    os.makedirs(test_dir, exist_ok=True)

    # 获取数据集中的所有文件
    files = os.listdir(data_dir)

    # 过滤掉非图片文件
    image_files = [f for f in files if f.endswith('.jpg') or f.endswith('.png')]
    # 随机打乱文件列表
    random.shuffle(image_files)

    # 计算切分数据集的索引
    num_files = len(image_files)
    num_train = int(num_files * train_ratio)
    num_val = int(num_files * val_ratio)
    num_test = num_files - num_train - num_val

    # 分离训练集
    train_files = image_files[:num_train]
    for file in train_files:
        src_image_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file)
        src_label_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        dst_image_path = os.path.join(train_dir, file)
        dst_label_path = os.path.join(train_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        shutil.copy(src_image_path, dst_image_path)
        shutil.copy(src_label_path, dst_label_path)

    # 分离验证集
    val_files = image_files[num_train:num_train + num_val]
    for file in val_files:
        src_image_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file)
        src_label_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        dst_image_path = os.path.join(val_dir, file)
        dst_label_path = os.path.join(val_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        shutil.copy(src_image_path, dst_image_path)
        shutil.copy(src_label_path, dst_label_path)

    # 分离测试集
    test_files = image_files[num_train + num_val:]
    for file in test_files:
        src_image_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file)
        src_label_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        dst_image_path = os.path.join(test_dir, file)
        dst_label_path = os.path.join(test_dir, file.replace('.jpg', '.txt').replace('.png', '.txt'))
        shutil.copy(src_image_path, dst_image_path)
        shutil.copy(src_label_path, dst_label_path)

    print("数据集分离完成！")
    print(f"训练集数量：{len(train_files)}")
    print(f"验证集数量：{len(val_files)}")
    print(f"测试集数量：{len(test_files)}")


def move_files(data_dir):
    # 创建目标文件夹
    images_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, 'images')
    labels_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, 'labels')
    os.makedirs(images_dir, exist_ok=True)
    os.makedirs(labels_dir, exist_ok=True)

    # 获取数据集中的所有文件
    files = os.listdir(data_dir)

    # 移动jpg文件到images文件夹
    png_files = [f for f in files if f.endswith('.jpg')]
    for file in png_files:
        src_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file)
        dst_path = os.path.join(images_dir, file)
        shutil.move(src_path, dst_path)

    # 移动TXT文件到labels文件夹
    txt_files = [f for f in files if f.endswith('.txt')]
    for file in txt_files:
        src_path = os.path.join(data_dir, file)
        dst_path = os.path.join(labels_dir, file)
        shutil.move(src_path, dst_path)

    print(f"{data_dir}文件移动完成！")
    print(f"总共移动了 {len(png_files)} 个jpg文件到images文件夹")
    print(f"总共移动了 {len(txt_files)} 个TXT文件到labels文件夹")


# 设置数据集路径和切分比例          !!按照自己数据路径进行相应的修改!!
data_dir = './coco128/images'     # 图片和标签路径
train_val_test_dir = './coco128'  # 目标文件夹
train_ratio = 0.7  # 训练集比例
val_ratio = 0.2  # 验证集比例
test_ratio = 0.1  # 测试集比例

# 调用函数分离数据集
split_dataset(data_dir, train_val_test_dir, train_ratio, val_ratio, test_ratio)
# 调用函数移动文件
move_files(os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'train'))
move_files(os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'val'))
move_files(os.path.join(train_val_test_dir, 'test'))

！在代码中需要将数据路径及分割比例进行相应的修改。【#设置数据集路径和切分比例】

三、数据集分割完成

（1）检查images文件中的图片和标签是否是一一对应；

（2）运行DatasetProduction.py，生成相应的train、test、val文件夹，并按设置的比例分割好。.

四、制作数据集的yaml文件

ultralytics_main\ultralytics\cfg\datasets中存放数据集的yaml文件

（1）train、test、val是图片的位置（相对于path的相对路径）

（2）nc是数据集中分类的总数

（3）names 中要写入数据集的各个标签对应的名字

path: ../datasets/coco128  # dataset root dir
train: train/images  # train images (relative to 'path') 
val: val/images      # val images (relative to 'path') 
test: test/images    # test images (relative to 'path') (optional)
 
# Numbers of classes
nc: 80

# Classes
names:
  0: person
  1: bicycle
  2: car
  3: motorcycle
  4: airplane
  5: bus
  6: train
  7: truck
  8: boat
  9: traffic light
  10: fire hydrant
  11: stop sign
  12: parking meter
  13: bench
  14: bird
  15: cat
  16: dog
  17: horse
  18: sheep
  19: cow
  20: elephant
  21: bear
  22: zebra
  23: giraffe
  24: backpack
  25: umbrella
  26: handbag
  27: tie
  28: suitcase
  29: frisbee
  30: skis
  31: snowboard
  32: sports ball
  33: kite
  34: baseball bat
  35: baseball glove
  36: skateboard
  37: surfboard
  38: tennis racket
  39: bottle
  40: wine glass
  41: cup
  42: fork
  43: knife
  44: spoon
  45: bowl
  46: banana
  47: apple
  48: sandwich
  49: orange
  50: broccoli
  51: carrot
  52: hot dog
  53: pizza
  54: donut
  55: cake
  56: chair
  57: couch
  58: potted plant
  59: bed
  60: dining table
  61: toilet
  62: tv
  63: laptop
  64: mouse
  65: remote
  66: keyboard
  67: cell phone
  68: microwave
  69: oven
  70: toaster
  71: sink
  72: refrigerator
  73: book
  74: clock
  75: vase
  76: scissors
  77: teddy bear
  78: hair drier
  79: toothbrush

五、训练数据集

以yolov8为例，在train.py中，使用自己的数据集进行训练。

# yolo task=detect mode=train model=yolov8n.pt data=data/fall.yaml batch=32 epochs=100 imgsz=640 workers=16 device=0
from ultralytics import YOLO

# Create a new YOLO model from scratch
model = YOLO('yolov8n.yaml')

# Load a pretrained YOLO model (recommended for training)
# model = YOLO('E:/ultralytics-8.1.0/yolov8n.pt')

# Train the model using the 'coco128.yaml' dataset for 3 epochs
results = model.train(data='coco128.yaml', batch=32, epochs=3,imgsz=640)

# Evaluate the model's performance on the validation set
results = model.val()

# Perform object detection on an image using the model
#results = model('https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg')

# Export the model to ONNX format
success = model.export(format='onnx')

运行python train.py开始训练，训练后的结果会保存在run中的train文件夹中。