yolov5 loss.py 代码详解
yolov5 loss.py 是 YOLOv5 模型中的一个关键文件，主要负责计算模型的损失函数。下面是该文件的代码详解：
1. 导入必要的库
```python
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import nn
```
2. 定义损失函数类
```python
class YOLOv5Loss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, anchors, strides, iou_threshold, num_classes, img_size):
super(YOLOv5Loss, self).__init__()
self.anchors = anchors
self.strides = strides
self.iou_threshold = iou_threshold
self.num_classes = num_classes
self.img_size = img_size
```
该类继承自 nn.Module，包含了一些必要的参数，如 anchors，strides，iou_threshold，num_classes 和 img_size。
3. 定义计算损失函数的方法
```python
def forward(self, x, targets=None):
bs, _, ny, nx = x.shape # batch size, channels, grid size
na = self.anchors.shape[] # number of anchors
stride = self.img_size / max(ny, nx) # compute stride
yolo_out, grid = [], []
for i in range(3):
yolo_out.append(x[i].view(bs, na, self.num_classes + 5, ny, nx).permute(, 1, 3, 4, 2).contiguous())
grid.append(torch.meshgrid(torch.arange(ny), torch.arange(nx)))
ny, nx = ny // 2, nx // 2
loss, nGT, nCorrect, mask = , , , torch.zeros(bs, na, ny, nx)
for i in range(3):
y, g = yolo_out[i], grid[i]
y[..., :2] = (y[..., :2].sigmoid() + g) * stride # xy
y[..., 2:4] = y[..., 2:4].exp() * self.anchors[i].to(x.device) # wh
y[..., :4] *= mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(x.device)
y[..., 4:] = y[..., 4:].sigmoid()
if targets is not None:
na_t, _, _, _, _ = targets.shape
t = targets[..., 2:6] * stride
gxy = g.unsqueeze().unsqueeze(-1).to(x.device)
gi, gj = gxy[..., ], gxy[..., 1]
b = t[..., :4]
iou = box_iou(b, y[..., :4]) # iou
iou_max, _ = iou.max(2)
# Match targets to anchors
a = torch.arange(na_t).view(-1, 1).repeat(1, na)
t = targets[a, iou_max >= self.iou_threshold] # select targets
# Compute losses
if len(t):
# xy loss
xy = y[..., :2] - gxy
xy_loss = (torch.abs(xy) - .5).pow(2) * mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(x.device)
# wh loss
wh = torch.log(y[..., 2:4] / self.anchors[i].to(x.device) + 1e-16)
wh_loss = F.huber_loss(wh, t[..., 2:4], reduction='none') * mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(x.device)
# class loss
tcls = t[..., ].long()
tcls_onehot = torch.zeros_like(y[..., 5:])
tcls_onehot[torch.arange(len(t)), tcls] = 1
cls_loss = F.binary_cross_entropy(y[..., 5:], tcls_onehot, reduction='none') * mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(x.device)
# objectness loss
obj_loss = F.binary_cross_entropy(y[..., 4:5], iou_max.unsqueeze(-1), reduction='none') * mask.to(x.device)
# total loss
loss += (xy_loss + wh_loss + cls_loss + obj_loss).sum()
nGT += len(t)
nCorrect += (iou_max >= self.iou_threshold).sum().item()
mask = torch.zeros(bs, na, ny, nx)
if targets is not None:
t = targets[..., 2:6] * stride
gi, gj = g[..., ], g[..., 1]
a = targets[..., 1].long()
mask[torch.arange(bs), a, gj, gi] = 1
return loss, nGT, nCorrect
```
该方法接受输入 x 和 targets，其中 x 是模型的输出，targets 是真实标签。该方法首先根据输入 x 的形状计算出 batch size，channels，grid size 和 number of anchors 等参数，然后根据这些参数计算出 stride 和 grid。接着，该方法将输入 x 分成三个部分，每个部分都包含了 na 个 anchors 和 self.num_classes + 5 个通道。然后，该方法将每个部分的输出转换成合适的形状，并计算出每个 anchor 的中心点坐标和宽高。接着，该方法根据 targets 计算出损失函数，包括 xy loss，wh loss，class loss 和 objectness loss。最后，该方法返回损失函数的值，以及 nGT 和 nCorrect。
4. 定义计算 box iou 的方法
```python
def box_iou(box1, box2):
"""
Returns the IoU of two bounding boxes
"""
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[..., ], box1[..., 1], box1[..., 2], box1[..., 3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[..., ], box2[..., 1], box2[..., 2], box2[..., 3]
inter_rect_x1 = torch.max(b1_x1, b2_x1)
inter_rect_y1 = torch.max(b1_y1, b2_y1)
inter_rect_x2 = torch.min(b1_x2, b2_x2)
inter_rect_y2 = torch.min(b1_y2, b2_y2)
inter_area = torch.clamp(inter_rect_x2 - inter_rect_x1 + 1, min=) * torch.clamp(inter_rect_y2 - inter_rect_y1 + 1, min=)
b1_area = (b1_x2 - b1_x1 + 1) * (b1_y2 - b1_y1 + 1)
b2_area = (b2_x2 - b2_x1 + 1) * (b2_y2 - b2_y1 + 1)
iou = inter_area / (b1_area + b2_area - inter_area + 1e-16)
return iou
```
该方法接受两个参数 box1 和 box2，分别表示两个 bounding box 的坐标。该方法首先计算出两个 bounding box 的交集和并集，然后计算出它们的 IoU。
以上就是 yolov5 loss.py 代码的详解。
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