仅作个人记录
参考:CUDA编程(五)关注内存的存取模式_MingChao_Sun-CSDN博客
顺便说一句,这位博主的cuda系列写的很清晰,关于环境配置,也建议参考这位博主,简单直接就行。
过程中碰到问题,还是建议查看官方API文档
CUDA Runtime API :: CUDA Toolkit Documentation
上次的代码已经比上上次的快了很多,但是还是不够。
显卡上的内存是 DRAM,因此最有效率的存取方式,是以连续的方式存取。而上次的代码其实并不是连续存取的。
看核函数部分:
//__global__函数(GPU上执行),计算立方和
__global__ void sum_Squares(int *num, int *result, clock_t *time){
const int thread_id = threadIdx.x;//当前的线程编号(0开始)
const int size = DATA_SIZE / THREAD_NUM;//分配给每个线程的量
clock_t start;
if (thread_id == 0) start = clock();//计算时间,只在 threadid ==0 时进行
int sum = 0;
for (int i = thread_id*size; i < (thread_id+1)*size; ++i) sum += num[i] * num[i] * num[i];
result[thread_id] = sum;
if (thread_id == 0) *time = clock() - start;
}
加入线程 i 读取内存,等待结果的时候,我们知道GPU会切换到下一个线程 i+1,于是线程 i+1 也开始进行读取数据运算,接着又是 i+2,i+3 … 所以,实际上我们的线程并没有连续地存取(只是看起来像连续的,实际是跳跃的)。
所以我们可以改进存取模式,来实现连续存取,修改以下循环就可以:
for (int i = thread_id*size; i < (thread_id+1)*size; ++i) sum += num[i] * num[i] * num[i];//修改前
for (int i = thread_id; i < DATA_SIZE; i += THREAD_NUM) sum += num[i] * num[i] * num[i];//修改后
总代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h> //用于计时
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <device_launch_parameters.h>
using namespace std;
#define THREAD_NUM 1024
#define DATA_SIZE 1048576
int data[DATA_SIZE];
//产生随机数
void generateNum(int *data, int size){
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) data[i] = rand() % 10;
}
void printDeviceProp(const cudaDeviceProp &prop){
cout << "Device Name: " << prop.name << endl;
cout << "totalGlobalMem: " << prop.totalGlobalMem << endl;
cout << "sharedMemPerBlock: " << prop.sharedMemPerBlock << endl;
cout << "regsPerBlock: " << prop.regsPerBlock << endl;
cout << "warpSize: " << prop.warpSize << endl;
cout << "memPitch: " << prop.memPitch << endl;
cout << "maxThreadsPerBlock:" << prop.maxThreadsPerBlock << endl;
cout << "maxThreadsDim[0 - 2]: " << prop.maxThreadsDim[0] << " " << prop.maxThreadsDim[1] << " " << prop.maxThreadsDim[2] << endl;
cout << "maxGridSize[0 - 2]: " << prop.maxGridSize[0] << " " << prop.maxGridSize[1] << " " << prop.maxGridSize[2] << endl;
cout << "totalConstMem:" << prop.totalConstMem << endl;
cout << "major.minor:" << prop.major << " " << prop.minor << endl;
cout << "clockRate:" << prop.clockRate << endl;
cout << "textureAlignment:" << prop.textureAlignment << endl;
cout << "deviceOverlap:" << prop.deviceOverlap << endl;
cout << "multiProcessorCount:" << prop.multiProcessorCount << endl;
}
//cuda初始化
bool InitCuda(){
int count;
cudaGetDeviceCount(&count);//获取能够使用的gpu数量,编号从0开始
if (count == 0) return false;//没有支持cuda的gpu
int device = 0;
for (; device < count; ++device){
cudaDeviceProp prop;
if (cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, device) == cudaSuccess){
printDeviceProp(prop);
break;//寻找一个可用的gpu
}
}
cudaSetDevice(device);//决定使用编号为device的gpu
return true;
}
//__global__函数(GPU上执行),计算立方和
__global__ void sum_Squares(int *num, int *result, clock_t *time){
const int thread_id = threadIdx.x;//当前的线程编号(0开始)
const int size = DATA_SIZE / THREAD_NUM;//分配给每个线程的量
clock_t start;
if (thread_id == 0) start = clock();//计算时间,只在 threadid ==0 时进行
int sum = 0;
for (int i = thread_id; i < DATA_SIZE; i += THREAD_NUM) sum += num[i] * num[i] * num[i];
result[thread_id] = sum;
if (thread_id == 0) *time = clock() - start;
}
int main(){
if (!InitCuda()) return 0;
//生成随机数
generateNum(data, DATA_SIZE);
int *gpudata, *result;
clock_t *time;
//gpu上开内存空间存储数组以及计算结果
cudaMalloc((void **)&gpudata, sizeof(int)*DATA_SIZE);//第一个参数是指针的指针
cudaMalloc((void **)&result, sizeof(int)*THREAD_NUM);//线程数增多了,结果应当存储在数组里面
cudaMalloc((void **)&time, sizeof(clock_t));
//数据从cpu搬运到gpu
cudaMemcpy(gpudata, data, sizeof(int)*DATA_SIZE, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
//CUDA 中执行函数 语法:函数名称<<<block数目, thread数目, shared memory大小>>>(args...)
sum_Squares <<<1, THREAD_NUM, 0 >>>(gpudata, result, time);//512个线程进行运算
//运算结果又从gpu搬运回cpu
int sum[THREAD_NUM];
clock_t time_cost;
cudaMemcpy(&sum, result, sizeof(int)*THREAD_NUM, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
cudaMemcpy(&time_cost, time, sizeof(clock_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
int all_sum = 0;//cpu端进行加和
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; ++i) all_sum += sum[i];
//释放gpu上面开的内存
cudaFree(gpudata);
cudaFree(result);
cudaFree(time);
cout << "GPU_sum: " << all_sum << " time cost: " << time_cost << endl;
all_sum = 0;//cpu上面也计算一次进行验证
for (int i = 0; i < DATA_SIZE; ++i) all_sum += data[i] * data[i] * data[i];
cout << "CPU_sum: " << all_sum << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
上次是 3189869,现在是2430166,提升了1.3倍,并没有原博客的7倍那么多,不过好歹也算是优化。