基尔霍夫衍射仿真
基尔霍夫定律是亥姆霍兹方程的精确解,为 U ( P ) = A i λ ∬ s 2 e i k r r e i k r 0 r 0 [ c o s ( n , r ) − c o s ( n , r 0 ) 2 ] d s 2 U(P)=\frac{A}{i\lambda}\iint_{s_2}\frac{e^{ikr}}{r}\frac{e^{ikr_0}}{r_0}[\frac{cos(\boldsymbol{n},\boldsymbol{r})-cos(\boldsymbol{n},\boldsymbol{r_0})}{2}]ds_2 U(P)=iλA∬s2reikrr0eikr0[2cos(n,r)−cos(n,r0)]ds2我们假定照射在边长为d的小孔的光为平面波,且振幅为1。所以有 c o s ( n , r 0 ) = − 1 cos(n,r0)=-1 cos(n,r0)=−1,上式改为 U ( P ) = 1 i λ ∬ s 2 U ( Q ) e i k r r [ c o s ( n , r ) + 1 ) 2 ] d s 2 U(P)=\frac{1}{i\lambda}\iint_{s_2}U(Q)\frac{e^{ikr}}{r}[\frac{cos(\boldsymbol{n},\boldsymbol{r})+1)}{2}]ds_2 U(P)=iλ1∬s2U(Q)reikr[2c