已知非负实数
x
、
y
、
z
x、y、z
x、y、z 满足
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
+
x
+
2
y
+
3
z
=
13
4
.
x^2+y^2+z^2+x+2y+3z=\frac{13}4.
x2+y2+z2+x+2y+3z=413.
(1)求
x
+
y
+
z
x+y+z
x+y+z 的最大值;
(2)证明:
x
+
y
+
z
≥
22
−
3
2
x+y+z\geq\frac{\sqrt{22}-3}2
x+y+z≥222−3
(i)解
\qquad
由已知等式得
(
x
+
1
2
)
2
+
(
y
+
1
)
2
+
(
z
+
3
2
)
2
=
27
4
.
(x+\frac12)^2+(y+1)^2+(z+\frac32)^2=\frac{27}4.
(x+21)2+(y+1)2+(z+23)2=427.
则
[
(
x
+
1
2
)
+
(
y
+
1
)
+
(
z
+
3
2
)
]
2
≤
3
[
(
x
+
1
2
)
2
+
(
y
+
1
)
2
+
(
z
+
3
2
)
2
]
=
81
4
.
[(x+\frac12)+(y+1)+(z+\frac32)]^2\leq3[(x+\frac12)^2+(y+1)^2+(z+\frac32)^2]=\frac{81}4.
[(x+21)+(y+1)+(z+23)]2≤3[(x+21)2+(y+1)2+(z+23)2]=481.
故 x + y + z ≤ 3 2 , x+y+z\leq\frac32, x+y+z≤23,当且仅当 x = 1 , y = 1 2 , z = 0 x=1,y=\frac12,z=0 x=1,y=21,z=0 时,上式等号成立.
(ii)证明
\qquad
因为
( x + y + z ) 2 ≥ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 (x+y+z)^2\geq x^2+y^2+z^2 (x+y+z)2≥x2+y2+z2
3 ( x + y + z ) ≥ x + 2 y + 3 z 3(x+y+z)\geq x+2y+3z 3(x+y+z)≥x+2y+3z
所以,
(
x
+
y
+
z
)
2
+
3
(
x
+
y
+
z
)
≥
13
4
.
(x+y+z)^2+3(x+y+z)\geq\frac{13}4.
(x+y+z)2+3(x+y+z)≥413.
解得 x + y + z ≥ 22 − 3 2 x+y+z\geq\frac{\sqrt{22}-3}2 x+y+z≥222−3.
当且仅当 x = 0 , y = 0 , z = 22 − 3 2 x=0,y=0,z=\frac{\sqrt{22}-3}2 x=0,y=0,z=222−3 时,上式等号成立.