四面体简单光照渲染+漫游（使用多个ConstantBuffer减小带宽）

建立了三个ConstantBuffer，一个是每一帧都需要从cpu传过来的用来旋转的world矩阵，一个是摄影机操作后传过来的view矩阵，还有一个是只传过来一次的projection矩阵和两个方向光的向量

1.lighting.fx

// Constant Buffer Variables
cbuffer CBChangesEveryFrame : register( b0 )
{
	matrix World;
};

cbuffer CBChangesWhenMoving : register( b1 )
{
	matrix View;
}

cbuffer CBNeverChange : register( b2 )
{
	matrix Projection;
	float4 vLightDir[2];
};

struct VS_INPUT
{
    float4 Pos : POSITION;
    float3 Norm : NORMAL;
};

struct PS_INPUT
{
    float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
    float3 Norm : TEXCOORD0;
};
// 以上都是声明

// Vertex Shader
PS_INPUT VS( VS_INPUT input )
{
    PS_INPUT output = (PS_INPUT)0;
    output.Pos = mul( input.Pos, World );
    output.Pos = mul( output.Pos, View );
    output.Pos = mul( output.Pos, Projection );
	output.Norm = mul( float4(input.Norm, 1), World ).xyz;// .xyz指取前三位向量，等式左边的PS_INPUT中的Norm是float3型，而右边是float4型
	// 也可写成output.Norm = mul( input.Norm, (float3x3)World );
    
    return output;
}

// Pixel Shader
float4 PS( PS_INPUT input) : SV_Target
{
	static float4 vLightColor = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
    float4 finalColor = 0;
	float k = 0.85f;// 反射率
    for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        finalColor += k * saturate(dot((float3)vLightDir[i], -input.Norm) * vLightColor);// 反射率 * saturate(dot(两光线向量·顶点法线向量)·颜色值)，saturate表示饱和处理——大于1变为1，小于0变成0
    }
    finalColor.a = 1;// 同finalColor.w = 1; rgba对应xyzw
    return finalColor;
}

2.winmain.cpp

#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11_1.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <directxmath.h>
#include <directxcolors.h>
#pragma comment(linker,"/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='x86' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"") 
// 找到项目的属性->链接器->输入->附加依赖项，在%(AdditionalDependencies)前追加上以下项：
// d3d11.lib;d3dcompiler.lib;dxguid.lib;winmm.lib;comctl32.lib;
// 或者像下面这样添加代码：
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dxguid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")

using namespace DirectX;

struct VertexNormal
{
	XMFLOAT3 Pos;
	XMFLOAT3 Normal;
};

struct CBChangesEveryFrame
{
	XMMATRIX mWorld;
};

struct CBChangesWhenMoving
{
	XMMATRIX mView;
};

struct CBNeverChanges
{
	XMMATRIX mProjection;
	XMFLOAT4 vLightDir[2];
};

struct Camera
{
	Camera()
		: vAxisX(XMVectorSet(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f))
		, vAxisAim(XMVectorSet(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f))
		, vAxisY(XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f))
		, vAxisZ(XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f))
		, vPosition(XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)) 
	{}
	Camera(const XMVECTOR & xAxis, const XMVECTOR & yAxis, const XMVECTOR & zAxis, const XMVECTOR & pos)
		: vAxisX(XMVector3Normalize(xAxis))
		, vAxisAim(XMVector3Normalize(xAxis))
		, vAxisY(XMVector3Normalize(yAxis))
		, vAxisZ(XMVector3Normalize(zAxis))
		, vPosition(pos)
	{}
	// 前后平移
	void XMove(float dx)
	{
		XMMATRIX move = XMMatrixTranslationFromVector(dx * vAxisX);
		vPosition = XMVector3TransformCoord(vPosition, move);
	}
	// 左右平移
	void YMove(float dy)
	{
		XMMATRIX move = XMMatrixTranslationFromVector(dy * vAxisY);
		vPosition = XMVector3TransformCoord(vPosition, move);
	}
	// 上下平移
	void ZMove(float dz)
	{
		XMMATRIX move = XMMatrixTranslationFromVector(dz * vAxisZ);
		vPosition = XMVector3TransformCoord(vPosition, move);
	}
	void ZSpin(float angle)
	{
		XMMATRIX mspin = XMMatrixRotationAxis(vAxisZ, angle);
		vAxisX = XMVector3Transform(vAxisX, mspin);
		vAxisAim = XMVector3Transform(vAxisAim, mspin);
		vAxisY = XMVector3Transform(vAxisY, mspin);
	}
	void YSpin(float angle)
	{
		XMMATRIX mspin = XMMatrixRotationAxis(vAxisY, angle);
		vAxisAim = XMVector3Transform(vAxisAim, mspin);
	}
	void ZoomIn(float in)
	{
		XMMATRIX move = XMMatrixTranslationFromVector(in * vAxisAim);
		vPosition = XMVector4Transform(vPosition, move);
	}
	XMVECTOR vEye() const {return vPosition;}
	XMVECTOR vUp() const {return XMVector4Transform(vAxisAim, XMMatrixRotationAxis(vAxisY, -XM_PIDIV2));}
	XMVECTOR vFocus() const {return vPosition + vAxisAim;}
	XMVECTOR vPosition;// 摄像机位矢
	XMVECTOR vAxisAim;// 瞄准轴（可以在摄像机vAxisX-vAxisZ平面内上下转动）
	XMVECTOR vAxisX;// 摄像机前后移动轴单位向量
	XMVECTOR vAxisY;// 摄像机左右移动轴单位向量
	XMVECTOR vAxisZ;// 摄像机上下移动轴单位向量
};

HINSTANCE				g_hInst = nullptr;
HWND					g_hWnd = nullptr;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE				g_driverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL			g_featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
ID3D11Device*				g_pd3dDevice = nullptr;
ID3D11Device1*				g_pd3dDevice1 = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext*			g_pImmediateContext = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext1*			g_pImmediateContext1 = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain*				g_pSwapChain = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain1*			g_pSwapChain1 = nullptr;
ID3D11RenderTargetView*			g_pRenderTargetView = nullptr;
ID3D11Texture2D*			g_pDepthStencil = nullptr;
ID3D11DepthStencilView*			g_pDepthStencilView = nullptr;
ID3D11VertexShader*			g_pVertexShader = nullptr;
ID3D11PixelShader*			g_pPixelShader =