TensorFlow里创建变量的方式有 tf.get_variable() 和 tf.Variable()

一

在 tf.name_scope下时，tf.get_variable()创建的变量名不受 name_scope 的影响，而且在未指定共享变量时，如果重名会报错，tf.Variable()会自动检测有没有变量重名，如果有则会自行处理。

import tensorflow as tf

 

with tf.name_scope('name_scope_x'):

    var1 = tf.get_variable(name='var1', shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)

    var3 = tf.Variable(name='var2', initial_value=[2], dtype=tf.float32)

    var4 = tf.Variable(name='var2', initial_value=[2], dtype=tf.float32)

 

with tf.Session() as sess:

    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    print(var1.name, sess.run(var1))

    print(var3.name, sess.run(var3))

    print(var4.name, sess.run(var4))

# 输出结果：

# var1:0 [-0.30036557]   可以看到前面不含有指定的'name_scope_x'

# name_scope_x/var2:0 [ 2.]

# name_scope_x/var2_1:0 [ 2.]  可以看到变量名自行变成了'var2_1'，避免了和'var2'冲突

二

如果使用tf.get_variable()创建变量，且没有设置共享变量，重名时会报错

import tensorflow as tf

 

with tf.name_scope('name_scope_1'):

    var1 = tf.get_variable(name='var1', shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)

    var2 = tf.get_variable(name='var1', shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)

with tf.Session() as sess:

    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    print(var1.name, sess.run(var1))

    print(var2.name, sess.run(var2))

 

# ValueError: Variable var1 already exists, disallowed. Did you mean 

# to set reuse=True in VarScope? Originally defined at:

# var1 = tf.get_variable(name='var1', shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)

三

所以要共享变量，需要使用tf.variable_scope()

import tensorflow as tf

 

with tf.variable_scope('variable_scope_y') as scope:

    var1 = tf.get_variable(name='var1', shape=[1], dtype=tf.float32)

    scope.reuse_variables()  # 设置共享变量

    var1_reuse = tf.get_variable(name='var1')

    var2 = tf.Variable(initial_value=[2.], name='var2', dtype=tf.float32)

    var2_reuse = tf.Variable(initial_value=[2.], name='var2', dtype=tf.float32)

 

with tf.Session() as sess:

    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    print(var1.name, sess.run(var1))

    print(var1_reuse.name, sess.run(var1_reuse))

    print(var2.name, sess.run(var2))

    print(var2_reuse.name, sess.run(var2_reuse))

 输出结果：

 variable_scope_y/var1:0 [-1.59682846]

 variable_scope_y/var1:0 [-1.59682846]   可以看到变量var1_reuse重复使用了var1

 variable_scope_y/var2:0 [ 2.]

 variable_scope_y/var2_1:0 [ 2.]

也可以这样

with tf.variable_scope('foo') as foo_scope:

    v = tf.get_variable('v', [1])

with tf.variable_scope('foo', reuse=True):

    v1 = tf.get_variable('v')

assert v1 == v
或者这样：

with tf.variable_scope('foo') as foo_scope:

    v = tf.get_variable('v', [1])

with tf.variable_scope(foo_scope, reuse=True):

    v1 = tf.get_variable('v')

assert v1 == v