接上一节:
数据
x i ∈ R p , i = 1 , 2 , … , N x_i\in \mathbb{R^p}, i=1,2,\dots,N xi∈Rp,i=1,2,…,N
D a t a : X = ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x N ) N × p T = ( x 1 T x 2 T ⋮ x N T ) = ( x 11 x 12 … x 1 p x 21 x 22 … x 2 p ⋮ x N 1 x N 2 … x N p ) N × p Data: X=(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_N)^T_{N\times p}= \begin{pmatrix} x_1^T\\ x_2^T\\ \vdots\\ x_N^T \end{pmatrix}= \begin{pmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} & \dots & x_{1p}\\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \dots & x_{2p}\\ \vdots \\ x_{N1} & x_{N2} & \dots & x_{Np} \end{pmatrix}_{N\times p} Data:X=(x1,x2,…,xN)N×pT=⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛x1Tx2T⋮xNT⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞=⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛x11x21⋮xN1x12x22xN2………x1px2pxNp⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞N×p
结论
样本均值(Sample Mean): X ‾ p × 1 = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i = 1 N X T 1 N \overline{X}_{p\times1}=\dfrac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}x_i=\dfrac{1}{N}X^T1_N X