骨骼动画(SkelAnimation)和形变动画(MorphAnimation)

一.帧/帧时刻

    2D屏幕采用扫描周期的方式定时刷新渲染管线,单位时间内刷新的帧数即为FPS,是衡量游戏质量的重要标准。通过定义帧,帧时刻实现连续性动画播放实现

     FPS = FrameCount/FrameRenderTime

    Direct3D提供API实现2D屏幕的重绘:

int frameCount = 0;
while(true){
    long startTime = getTime();
    D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);//清理GPU渲染管线
    d3dDevice->BeginScene(); 

    D3DDevice->EndScene();
    D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); //写入GPU渲染管线
    long endTime = getTime();
    frameCount++;
}

FPS = frameCount/(endTime - startTime)

二.形变动画/顶点动画(MorphAnimation)

     通过在3D资源文件中定义每一帧的静态模型数据(顶点,法向,材质),游戏引擎预加载3D资源文件读取每一帧的静态模型,使用Direct3D提供API更新GPU缓存实现动画即为顶点动画.

Direct3D提供动态更新静态模型顶点坐标API:

    D3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, model->vertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex));
    D3dDevice->SetFVF(D3D_FVF_TEXTURE_VERTEX);
    D3dDevice->SetIndices(model->indexBuffer);
    D3dDevice->SetTexture(0, model->texture);  //启用纹理

     顶点动画 = obj1(time1) + obj2(time2) + obj3(time3)

     故不同的游戏引擎导出的顶点动画最终是obj静态模型的组合.如常见M3D顶点动画3D文件,数据结构就是不同frame的静态模型组合MD3FileData.h:

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** @brief Data structure for the MD3 main header
 */
struct Header
{
    //! magic number
    uint32_t IDENT;

    //! file format version
    uint32_t VERSION;

    //! original name in .pak archive
    char NAME[ AI_MD3_MAXQPATH ];

    //! unknown
    int32_t FLAGS;

    //! number of frames in the file
    uint32_t NUM_FRAMES;

    //! number of tags in the file
    uint32_t NUM_TAGS;

    //! number of surfaces in the file
    uint32_t NUM_SURFACES;

    //! number of skins in the file
    uint32_t NUM_SKINS;

    //! offset of the first frame
    uint32_t OFS_FRAMES;

    //! offset of the first tag
    uint32_t OFS_TAGS;

    //! offset of the first surface
    uint32_t OFS_SURFACES;

    //! end of file
    uint32_t OFS_EOF;
} PACK_STRUCT;


// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** @brief Data structure for the frame header
 */
struct Frame
{
    //! minimum bounds
    aiVector3D min;

    //! maximum bounds
    aiVector3D max;

    //! local origin for this frame
    aiVector3D origin;

    //! radius of bounding sphere
    ai_real radius;

    //! name of frame
    char name[ AI_MD3_MAXFRAME ];

} /* PACK_STRUCT */;


// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** @brief Data structure for the surface header
 */
struct Surface {
    //! magic number
    int32_t IDENT;

    //! original name of the surface
    char NAME[ AI_MD3_MAXQPATH ];

    //! unknown
    int32_t FLAGS;

    //! number of frames in the surface
    uint32_t NUM_FRAMES;

    //! number of shaders in the surface
    uint32_t NUM_SHADER;

    //! number of vertices in the surface
    uint32_t NUM_VERTICES;

    //! number of triangles in the surface
    uint32_t NUM_TRIANGLES;

    //! offset to the triangle data
    uint32_t OFS_TRIANGLES;

    //! offset to the shader data
    uint32_t OFS_SHADERS;

    //! offset to the texture coordinate data
    uint32_t OFS_ST;

    //! offset to the vertex/normal data
    uint32_t OFS_XYZNORMAL;

    //! offset to the end of the Surface object
    int32_t OFS_END;
} /*PACK_STRUCT*/;

三.骨骼动画(SkelAnimation)

     对于有规律性质的动画,如人物移动,人物飞行等,可通过动态运算计算每一帧的模型,大大减少了3D资源文件存储空间,即为骨骼动画。

    骨骼动画 = (Base*BoneTransformMatrix1)(time1) + (BasMatrix*BoneTransformMatrix2)(time2)

    <1.将人物等生物模型进行顶点组划分,定义骨架,骨骼等基本概念,完成绑骨操作。

    <2.通过Blender编辑每个帧时刻的骨骼位置和旋转角度,得到骨骼相对于起始位置的旋转矩阵.

    如常见的FBX,DAE文件存储骨骼动画采用将每一帧的变换矩阵进行封装存储,FBXDocument.h:

namespace FBX {

class AnimationCurve; 
class AnimationCurveNode; //顶点组节点
class AnimationLayer;
class AnimationStack;

}

/** DOM class for skin deformer clusters (aka sub-deformers) */
class Cluster : public Deformer {

private:
    WeightArray weights;       //权重
    WeightIndexArray indices;

    aiMatrix4x4 transform;     //每一帧对应的旋转矩阵
    aiMatrix4x4 transformLink; //每一帧对应的旋转矩阵

    const Model* node;
};